Sapagkat, dahil, and kasi have identical meanings. They all mean "because." The difference is when and how you would use these words.
Sapagkat is used in formal letters, conferences, etc. It is quite awkward, or out of place, when used in casual conversations.
Dahil is formal compared to kasi, but casual compared to sapagkat. It's usually alright to use dahil in formal settings, and is also acceptable in casual settings (though it could get awkward since it is counted as formal language.)
Kasi is informal. You use this when you're in a casual setting with intimate people. It is never used in formal settings.
Since they all mean the same, can they be used interchangeably?
No, not all the time.
"Kasi" can be used in the beginning or end of the sentence.
hal. "Ang bagal mo kasi." or "Kasi ang bagal mo." Both translates to "It's because you're slow."
While "dahil" should always be used before your reasons.
hal. "Dahil sa pagod niya, mabagal siya." which translates to "Because of his/her fatigue, he/she is slow."
Kasi and dahil are not interchangeable in either sentence or it would be grammatically incorrect.
Hope you found this helpful.
P.S. hal. is an abbreviation for halimbawa.