01:06.0
At ang approximate number natin dyan, ang estimate po ng CEDPEAD sa ating pag-aaral,
01:11.0
nasa 8.1 million ang nano enterprises sa Pilipinas at 1 million ang nasa micro enterprise.
01:19.0
So ito pong nano enterprises natin, they are typically unregistered livelihoods of self-employed individuals or informal solopreneurs.
01:30.0
Mag-isa lang talaga sila, self-employed at hindi rehistrado.
01:34.0
At yung asset size nila nag-arrange from P3,000 to P150,000, they operate their business alone or with the help of their unpaid family members
01:45.0
targeting their immediate local communities.
01:48.0
So yan po yung nakikita natin usually sa mga nano enterprises.
01:53.0
So 8.1 million ang estimate natin sa kanila as of 2022.
01:57.0
So why nano enterprises? Why do we need to focus on them?
02:02.0
Most government programs fall under the banner of micro enterprises.
02:08.0
Malamang baka ngayon nyo lang narinig yung nano enterprises.
02:12.0
And because of this, it grossly misrepresents the needs and largely excludes the magnitude of nano enterprises
02:20.0
kasi yung micro enterprises ay assets up to P3 million.
02:26.0
Pag tumungtong ka na ng million, edi milyonaryo ka na pero ito pong mga nano enterprises ay hindi.
02:32.0
Sila po ay usually mga poor, mga low income sila na mahihirap.
02:40.0
So we want to make nano enterprises visible because this will mean na magkakaroon ng more effective
02:47.0
and customized policies and programs for them dahil sila ay isineseparate from the bigger whole.
02:54.0
And we would be able to provide them with the opportunity to grow into a more sustainable enterprise
03:00.0
that would lift them out of poverty.
03:03.0
So directly addressing, pag directly natin na-address yung needs ng mga nano enterprises,
03:09.0
mare-reduce natin yung number of poor Filipinos and that is a very good opportunity.
03:15.0
And it would be a great leap forward for our economic development.
03:20.0
So let's go to their profiles, sa kanilang livelihood characteristics.
03:25.0
Usually, ito ay mga sari-sari store operators, examples lang natin.
03:30.0
Karinderia, mga smallholder farmers and fisher folks, mga dressmakers, ambulant vendors,
03:39.0
mga gig economy, delivery riders, rideshare drivers, mga freelancers, mga graphic artists, video editors.
03:47.0
And overall, itong mga ito ay nakaklassify natin under the banner of nano enterprises
03:54.0
kasi usually low income and then sila ay solo entrepreneurs.
04:00.0
They use rudimentary and obsolete equipment in manufacturing or delivering services
04:05.0
and they lease more advanced equipment.
04:09.0
Usually, kapag ikaw ay farmer, for example, hindi mo pagmamay-ari yung tractor mo.
04:15.0
Micro enterprises typically have better equipment and ownership of the equipment.
04:23.0
Sa nano enterprises, typically, hirami yan.
04:26.0
Livelihood characteristics, individuals who typically have low educational levels.
04:32.0
They hardly maintain bookkeeping records and mostly unregistered and do not pay business permits and taxes.
04:38.0
So yan po yung sa nano enterprises.
04:41.0
They also lack managerial and technical skills to grow their livelihood.
04:45.0
They are forced to be entrepreneurs due to the lack of employment opportunities
04:49.0
and have limited access to technology, information, and financing.
04:54.0
They also have low productivity and low product quality because all of this.
04:59.0
So pag ditiknan natin talaga, yung mga nano enterprises, pasan nila ang daigdig.
05:06.0
So how do they access finance?
05:09.0
They heavily rely on loans to afford basic needs for food, education, shelter, utilities, and recover from disaster.
05:17.0
They also use their loans to grow their livelihood.
05:19.0
So usually, loans ang nagiging tool nila to address their needs at pag-grow ng kanilang enterprise.
05:27.0
And more often than not, ito po ay hindi appropriate kasi dapat, for example,
05:32.0
for wedding anniversaries and death, savings and insurance po dapat ang talagang nagagamit dyan.
05:37.0
And of course, huwag natin kakalimutan, social safety nets from the government.
05:42.0
They typically access loans from informal sources.
05:45.0
Therefore, they are vulnerable to predatory financing practices.
05:50.0
Most also borrow from cooperatives, rural banks, microfinance NGOs, and pawnshops,
05:55.0
and majority borrow from family and friends in limited amounts.
06:00.0
In terms of debt, nano enterprises are typically trapped in debt.
06:06.0
Hindi na natatapos-tapos ang utang sa kanila.
06:11.0
Ay, which may naalala ko lang, congratulations pala sa sister ko kasi kahapon daw
06:17.0
ay last na payment niya sa kanyang housing mortgage.
06:21.0
So congratulations sa'yo ate Cash.
06:24.0
Access to finance, ano pa yung masasabi natin?
06:27.0
They have few savings and insurance products that are available to them
06:32.0
na nagkikater sa kanilang mga pangangailangan.
06:35.0
Kasi ang kailangan nila dapat ay simple lang, mabilis, accessible, and affordable.
06:42.0
MFIs usually use loans as the financial product to address livelihood needs,
06:47.0
coping in times of emergencies, and financing for major life events.
06:53.0
So MFIs aim to increase their loan portfolio
06:56.0
because it's far simpler to offer loans compared to designing savings and insurance products.
07:03.0
Kami po sa SEDP, ang ginagawa talaga namin ay hindi.
07:06.0
Kung gusto mo ng non-productive asset or for consumption yan, tuturuan ka namin magkipon.
07:13.0
At we will work out an arrangement on how we can earn.
07:16.0
But it is not through loan at hindi yan through interest.
07:19.0
For example, yung sa layaway program namin, yung mga members namin,
07:23.0
tinuturuan namin na mag-save, tapos kami naman po ay kukuha ng order nila
07:28.0
maramihan kami na bibili, bultuhan, yung discount doon kami kikita.
07:34.0
So low-income individuals can save and will pay premium for insurance
07:39.0
if these financial products are designed according to their needs and preferences.
07:44.0
At kung nakikita talaga nila na mabilisan at talagang napapakinabangan nila yung insurance na yan.
07:50.0
For example, sa amin, yung damayan namin, nagbabayad sila ng 400 pesos for six months.
07:57.0
At nakikita talaga nila kasi kapag may namatay kaming miembro,
08:01.0
the following day yan po talaga ay mabibisita na namin, mabibigay na yung benepisyo.
08:07.0
So kapag naka-fit sa kanila yung needs and preferences, sila po ay tatangkilikin po nila yan.
08:14.0
Most nano enterprises also have extreme limited savings and insurance coverage
08:19.0
because of the lack of financial products directly addressing their needs and preferences.
08:25.0
Ang average loans po ng mga nano enterprises nasa P3,000 to P20,000,
08:31.0
usually short term lang po nila itong binabayaran, less than one year.
08:37.0
Typically six months, three to six months.
08:39.0
Collateral free ang mga loans kaya usually mas mataas ang interest rate
08:44.0
and this is usually payable in three to six months at ang interest rate po
08:48.0
usually nagre-range ng 2 to 5% per month.
08:52.0
So dito po naman sa SEDP microfinance natin, sa SEDP kanegosyo,
08:56.0
less than P20,000, 95.7% po ng members natin ang nakapaloob dyan.
09:03.0
At P20,000 to P50,000, 4% lamang.
09:08.0
At yung greater than P50,000 ay 0.3% lamang.
09:11.0
So tayo po talaga ay nagka-cater sa nano enterprises.
09:17.0
Okay, so dito naman tayo sa market participation
09:21.0
kasi ito talaga ang isa sa mga dahilan na nagpe-prevent sa mga nano enterprises
09:26.0
para sila ay magkaroon ng maayos na pagbili ng mga produkto
09:31.0
at pagbenta ng kanilang mga produkto at selvisyo.
09:34.0
So how do they participate?
09:36.0
Ang isa sa mga problema nila, high cost of raw materials and labor.
09:41.0
Hindi ko na po kailangan i-explain yan dahil felt na felt natin lahat dahil sa tumataginting na 8.7% na inflation rate this January 2023.
09:53.0
Mayroon din po silang limited market access.
09:56.0
Marami sa kanila nahihirapan na ilagay sa merkado ang kanilang produkto.
10:01.0
Transportation, infrastructure natin.
10:07.0
Ang aangkatin natin na sibuyas ay mas mura pa e tumawid yun ng dagat
10:14.0
kumpara dito sa tinanim na natin dito mas mahal pa rin.
10:18.0
That is because of our limited infrastructure.
10:23.0
Lack of market information, outdated ang ating technology at inadequate services and infrastructure.
10:30.0
Diba pag tinupair nga natin, tayo ang ating mga greenhouses sa Pilipinas 300 hectares lang pag pinagtotal siya.
10:38.0
Sa Vietnam, 6,000 hectares po ang kabuoan nila.
10:42.0
Sa South Korea, 20,000 at saka sa Japan ay 40,000.
10:46.0
Hello Philippines!
10:49.0
So the poor are more than mere victims of circumstances.
10:53.0
They are creative individuals.
10:55.0
So kailangan lang talaga nating supportahan sila so that they can become, they fulfill the full potential of themselves.
11:03.0
So i-remove natin yung barriers that stand in their way that enables them to participate in markets.
11:11.0
So gagawa tayo ng mga improvements like market linkages and market infrastructure.
11:16.0
We strengthen the participation of nano enterprises in value chains
11:21.0
and we design programs that lead to sustainable solutions.
11:26.0
At itong sustainable solutions na ito, sa paano siya magiging sustainable, ito po dapat nag-achieve na.
11:32.0
High impact, specific and focused interventions, sustainable, cost effective, at saka market-driven po dapat yan.
11:43.0
Sa Philippines naman, ito pa, tayo pa talaga ay number one sa world disaster index
11:49.0
in terms of exposure, vulnerability, susceptibility, lack of coping capacities, at saka adaptive capacities.
11:56.0
So ano yung coping mechanisms ng mga nano enterprises in times of emergencies ayon sa aming research?
12:03.0
They access loans, find additional work, ask for help from family members
12:08.0
and assistance from government and charitable institutions.
12:12.0
While their assets, they save, they pray, at damayan at insurance ginagamit din nila.
12:19.0
So loan ang pinaka-top na coping mechanism pero ito yung pinaka-incompatible.
12:24.0
Ang mas appropriate talaga na financial tool kapag emergency sa pinag-uusapan,
12:30.0
insurance at savings po talaga dapat yan.
12:34.0
There's also a change of coping mechanisms during the pandemic.
12:39.0
So talaga ito ay, ang top coping mechanism ay assistance from the government
12:47.0
dahil nga, lalo na yung finding additional work.
12:50.0
Hindi ka naman makapagtrabaho during the lockdowns.
12:54.0
Tapos insurance, savings, accessing loans, damayan, at saka distressed selling of assets.
12:59.0
Yan po yung mga coping mechanisms na nakuha natin, yung later na research natin.
13:05.0
So lockdown and mobility restrictions may have influenced the change
13:09.0
because they cannot operate their livelihoods
13:13.0
and it prevented nano-enterprises from working or finding additional work.
13:19.0
So more market penetration of MFIs offering insurance and savings
13:24.0
also explains why savings and insurance played a very important role
13:29.0
during the times of emergencies.
13:31.0
Kasi mataas na talaga yung penetration ng microfinance sa atin.
13:34.0
Pero sana po ay ipromote pa ng mga microfinance institutions
13:39.0
ang savings mobilization than giving higher loan amounts to nano-enterprises
13:45.0
para i-finance ang kanilang growth.
13:48.0
So savings not just as collateral to loans, dapat.
13:52.0
And this means they would be able to use their savings during emergencies
13:57.0
and it will smoothen their expenditures.
14:01.0
So insurance products with coverage for disasters,
14:05.0
dapat maibigay din yan sa kanila and it will also enable to restart their livelihood
14:10.0
and not to be dependent on loans.
14:12.0
So yung insurance sana natin kapag tayo nagbigay
14:15.0
dun sa mga apektohan ng disaster, yung enough lang na ma-cover
14:19.0
at makapag-start ng kanilang livelihood.
14:23.0
So i-streamlize din po talaga sana natin yung ating processes and procedures
14:27.0
para shorten yung turnaround time natin.
14:31.0
So ito po naman yung digital inclusion ng mga nano-enterprises.
14:36.0
So it refers to the activities necessary to ensure that all individuals,
14:41.0
communities including the most disadvantaged have access to and use of
14:46.0
information and communication technologies.
14:49.0
So 40% po ng nano-enterprises natin have access to the internet.
14:54.0
So 60% po yung wala.
14:56.0
20% lang po yung may smartphone.
14:59.0
Yung kalahati wala.
15:00.0
8% po yung may laptop.
15:02.0
So most sa kanila ay wala pong laptops.
15:05.0
So bakit sila walang gano'n?
15:07.0
Wala silang mga equipment for that or gadgets?
15:11.0
The cost of smartphones at tsaka yung internet subscription
15:15.0
po ay napakamahal for them.
15:17.0
So mayroon din po maraming mga nano-enterprises
15:22.0
sa rural areas na mahina ang signal ng telepono lalo na sa rural areas.
15:27.0
So not owning a phone and having basic phone
15:31.0
at limited yung kanilang access sa internet.
15:35.0
So and because of this, the nano-enterprises are prevented from
15:40.0
accessing information and taking advantage of opportunities online.
15:46.0
So mayroon po tayong constrained participation in e-commerce
15:52.0
at ang nangyayari po ay 19% lang yung nakakapag-online selling
15:57.0
at 13% were able to buy products online.
16:02.0
So 23% of nano-enterprises have bank accounts.
16:06.0
3% have mobile wallets.
16:08.0
And 3% know how to do online banking.
16:11.0
So makikita po talaga natin na napakababa nung kanilang capacity
16:16.0
in terms of digital technology.
16:19.0
So access to government programs and services.
16:23.0
Ito naman po, they lack civil registry documents
16:26.0
such as birth certificates and marriage certificates
16:29.0
which makes it challenging for them to access government welfare services
16:33.0
such as SSS, Pag-ibig, and PhilHealth.
16:37.0
And because of this, dahil wala silang ID, it also gives them delay
16:42.0
in getting the cash assistance from government during the pandemic.
16:46.0
And yung nakita natin dito, yung kakulangan ng suporta talaga
16:53.0
ng gobyerno sa mga nano-enterprises,
16:56.0
ay nadahilan din ito dahil kakanamp sila sa micro-enterprises.
17:01.0
So kung isaseparate natin sila,
17:03.0
kailangan natin yung pangangailangan ng nano-enterprises.
17:07.0
So we should separate them from micro-enterprises
17:11.0
because they have a different profile
17:13.0
and MFIs serve mostly nano-enterprises
17:16.0
pero yung pagkakadesign ng mga financial products and services
17:19.0
ay para sa mga micro-enterprises.
17:23.0
So sa micro-enterprises kasi ang tinitignan,
17:27.0
repayment history, capacity to pay, at saka savings as collateral.
17:31.0
So kapag mga nano-enterprises, kailangan ng beyond that.
17:36.0
There should be social safety net mechanisms for them
17:38.0
because they're very vulnerable.
17:40.0
Yung savings dapat ay accessible for emergency purposes,
17:44.0
hindi lang collateral.
17:45.0
May dun dapat capacity building for livelihood development,
17:48.0
insurance coverage for disasters,
17:50.0
at may subsidy dapat sa gobyerno.
17:54.0
So yung inconsistencies din ng definition ng micro-enterprises
17:59.0
sa government agencies natin ay nakaka-confuse pa siya.
18:03.0
And with this, nano-enterprises are rendered invisible.
18:08.0
Ineffective din po at saka inappropriate ang mga
18:12.0
nagiging policies and programs because of this.
18:20.0
So MFIs should design their financial products and services
18:24.0
according to GFIs.
18:29.0
Yung GFIs, yung government financial institutions,
18:31.0
kasi yan talaga yung nagdidesign ng mga financial products
18:35.0
ay nagdidikta ng diseño ng financial products and services
18:39.0
at sumusunod lang yung mga micro-finance institutions.
18:43.0
So what's the way forward?
18:45.0
Paano natin matutulungan ang mga nano-enterprises?
18:48.0
So we can make nano-enterprises separate and distinct
18:52.0
from micro-enterprises para po sila ay maging visible
18:56.0
at mas maging effective and customized yung mga programs natin sa kanila
19:00.0
and we would be able to provide them the opportunity to grow
19:03.0
into a more sustainable enterprise that would lift them out of poverty.
19:09.0
We should also have a more robust welfare and social safety net programs.
19:14.0
Pag nagkasakit, dapat kayang gamutin ng libre sa mga hospital natin.
19:19.0
Tapos kapag nag-aral, hindi lang yung tuition yung libre.
19:23.0
Sana po ay may assistance din para sa day-to-day living ng bata
19:27.0
para talagang siguraduhin makapag-aral.
19:29.0
Yan po ang sinasabi nating mga social safety nets.
19:32.0
I-allow din sana ang mga nano-enterprises to not just cope or survive
19:37.0
but to recover and thrive to transition as a micro or small enterprise.
19:44.0
I-compliment natin yung mga existing market-based approaches natin
19:48.0
na i-reduce yung mga vulnerabilities ng mga nano-enterprises.
19:52.0
Yung damayan natin, for example, pwede po natin yang buhayin
19:56.0
kasi nakakatulong talaga yan sa mga nano-enterprises.
20:00.0
Kapag na-upgrade na natin sila, nako maganda po ang multiplier effect nito
20:04.0
kasi maaaring mag-create ng employment
20:07.0
and ang nano-enterprises talaga dapat talaga ay i-recognize sila as pillars
20:13.0
in our socio-economic development
20:17.0
because their sheer number of nano-enterprises
20:20.0
na nadidistinguish from micro-enterprises
20:23.0
should make them visible to the government and the private sector.
20:32.0
Thanks for watching!
20:33.0
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20:37.0
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20:40.0
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20:44.0
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20:48.0
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20:50.0
As always, feel free to write your questions, comments, and opinions respectfully.
