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00:00.0
Now, we will study the parts of a typical cell and the functions of these parts.
00:11.8
All cells have at least three components.
00:15.4
The plasma membrane, also called the cell membrane, performs the following functions.
00:21.6
One, isolates the cytoplasm or the liquid component inside the cell from the external environment.
00:34.6
Two, regulates the flow of materials between the cytoplasm and its environment.
00:40.6
For example, acquiring nutrients and expelling waste.
00:48.8
And three, it allows interaction with other cells.
00:55.6
In all living organisms, the genetic material is the deoxyribonucleic acid or the DNA.
01:03.2
The DNA contains the cell's hereditary blueprint,
01:08.0
in which is stored the instructions for making all other parts of the cell and for producing new daughter cells.
01:16.4
In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is contained in a separate membrane-bound structure called the nucleus.
01:25.4
In prokaryotic cells, it is found in an area called the nucleoid and is not separated by membranes from the rest of the cytoplasm.
01:35.2
The cytoplasm consists of all the materials inside the cell membrane
01:39.8
and in eukaryotic cells outside the nucleus, which is itself contained by a membrane.
01:51.2
The cytoplasm includes water, salts, and an assortment of organic molecules including enzymes as well as proteins.
02:02.0
The cytoplasm also contains a variety of structures called organelles.
02:07.7
Each organelle performs a distinct cellular function.
02:12.7
Chromosomes contain the DNA.
02:24.1
Nucleus, membrane-bound container for chromosomes.
02:36.1
Nuclear envelope encloses nucleus and regulates movements of materials into and out of nucleus.
02:52.5
The mitochondria carries out the process of cellular respiration where chemical energy from food is transformed into energy molecule called adenosine triphosphate or ATP.
03:13.7
Endoplasmic reticulum are extensive network of membranes that connect the nuclear envelope to the cell membrane.
03:28.7
ER synthesizes membrane components and lipids.
03:41.9
These are cytosols attached in the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum and are also found in the cytoplasm.
03:48.9
These are sites of protein synthesis.
03:59.9
Golgi complex. It modifies and back adjust proteins and lipids produced by the endoplasmic reticulum.
04:11.9
Vacuoles are fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm containing crystals, inorganic salts, sugars, and excess water.
04:27.9
Lysosomes contain intracellular digestive enzymes.
04:40.1
Let me describe the important role of the lysosomes.
04:47.1
These organelles contain digestive enzymes enclosed in its membrane sac.
04:54.3
Inside the cell, they fuse with the food vacuoles and digest the nutrients the cell contains with their enzymes.
05:01.3
Also, the bacteria ingested by our white blood cells are also digested by the enzymes of the lysosomes.
05:09.3
Moreover, the lysosomes are also used in the production of proteins.
05:16.5
Moreover, the lysosomes can engulf and digest parts of another organelle,
05:22.5
making its molecules available for the construction of other organelles,
05:29.5
thus serving as recycling sites for other organelles.
05:36.5
See how nature works? Amazing, isn't it?
05:46.3
Thank you for watching!
