INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (ID) | Description, Levels, and Treatment | Abnormal Psychology
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Yan na naman yung intro
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Okay, so hello and welcome ulit sa ating Abnormal Psychology series
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So at ngayon naman ay tatapusin na natin yung Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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na inupisahan natin sa Autism Spectrum Disorder
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and then yung last week is yung Specific Learning Disorder
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And for today's video, eh intellectual disability naman yung pag-uusapan natin
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kaya huwag na natin patagalin
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Roll na natin yung intro
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So siguro isa na sa pinaka-controversyal na Neurodevelopmental Disorder
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yung intellectual disability
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In fact, marami na siyang naging pangalan throughout the years
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and even yung kanyang way sa pagdadiagnose
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eh medyo nagkaroon na ng pagkakaiba-iba through time
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Pero for the purposes of this video
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eh gagamitin natin yung diagnostic criteria na SINET
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Parang di na rin tayong malito, diba?
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Pero from time to time, kinukompare din natin siya sa mga ibang iterations
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or diagnostic methods ng ibang mga institutions
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para makakita tayo ng ibang perspective sa disorder na ito
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Ang intellectual disability ay characterized by
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significantly below average intellectual and adaptive functioning
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So ayon sa DSM-5, nahihirapan daw mga tao may intellectual disability
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sa tatlong areas ng buhay
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So ano yung mga areas na ito?
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First is yung conceptual
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and then yung social
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and then lastly is yung practical
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So sa conceptual, included dito yung mga basic intellectual skills
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like for example, reasoning, language, and yung knowledge in general, diba?
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And then of course, na-me-measure to or na-assess to
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through intellectual ability test or mga intelligence test
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kasi me-measure nilang IQ, basically
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And then in terms of social naman, nahihirapan silang makasalamuha
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sa mga tao in general
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and of course, kasama na dyan yung pagkakaibigan
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Di nila alam masyading social norms
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and syempre, nahirapan silang makihalubilo
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even sa mga kasama nila sa bahay
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So in terms of practical areas naman ng buhay nila
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eh maaaring mahirapan
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yung mga tao may intellectual disability
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sa kanilang mga pang-araw-araw na gawain and mga responsibilidad
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katulad ng personal hygiene
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or yung mga daily activities nila
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like for example, pagpunta sa malayang lugar
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ng mga bagay-bagay na kailangan nila sa bahay
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And dahil nga may difficulties sila sa tatlong domains na ito ng buhay nila
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eh hindi na nakakapagtaka na nahihirapan sila sa kanilang pag-aaral
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tulad ng sa mga tao may specific learning disorder
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yun nga lang sa mga tao may ID
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eh mas global yung difficulty nila
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kung sa mga tao may SLD
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nahirapan lang sila sa academic skills nila
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pero in terms of their conceptual
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yung in general intelligence nila
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yung kanilang social interaction with other people
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and then yung kanilang practical side ng buhay
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yung personal hygiene and what not
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eh okay naman sila
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wherein sa mga tao may intellectual disability
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eh may impairment sa mga side ng buhay nila na yun
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and then tulad din sa autism spectrum disorder
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eh may ibat-ibang level yung intellectual disability
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so meron tayong mild, meron tayong moderate, meron tayong severe
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and meron tayong profound
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in other words, kahit para parehas sila ng diagnosis
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eh may pagkakaiba-iba pa rin yung mga tao may intellectual disability
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so maraming ways kung paano makakategorize yung level ng intellectual disability sa isang tao
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ang pinakaginagamit nila nun is yung IQ scores
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parang may mga cut-offs
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so ayan, ipost nyo na lang yung video
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makikita nyo dyan yung mga cut-off scores na ginagamit nila
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pero isang malaking problema ng ganitong klaseng kategorizasyon
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is that masyado siyang naka-anchor sa conceptual ability
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ng isang tao may ID
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when in fact, ang intellectual disability
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again, is also social and practical
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kasi nga naman, hindi ibig sabihin na nahihirapan sila sa conceptual
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eh automatic na nahihirapan na rin sila sa social and practical
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lalong-lalo na if nabigyan naman ng early treatment and early training
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yung taong ito nung bata pa siya
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so marami sa mga tao may mild to moderate na ID
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ang nakakasabay sa galaw ng lipunan
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kaya minsan hindi mo mapapansin na meron pala silang intellectual disability
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kasi nga, hindi sila masyadong nangangailangan ng tulong
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in short, medyo independent sila
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relatively speaking
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pwede silang maturo mag-commute mag-isa, mag-grocery
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and then alagaan yung sarili nila, yung personal hygiene nila
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to some extent, of course, pwede silang makapagluto
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ng pagkain para sa kanilang sarili
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or even para sa ibang mga tao
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kaya naman, meron mga alternative methods of categorization
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sa levels ng intellectual disability
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so sa method na ito, imbis na IQ yung tinitignan
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ang tinitignan is yung level of assistance
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na kailangan ng taong may intellectual disability
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so kinukonsider yung social and practical side ng ID
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ang categories na ginagamit dito is yung mga intermittent, limited, extensive
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and then pervasive
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so halos kapares lang naman ng categorization ng DSM
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yun nga lang, in terms of assistance nga
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sa mga taong intermittent, need yung kanilang assistance
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usually mga mild sila
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hindi sila masyadong kailangan tulungan
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siguro tutulungan lang sila sa mga complex na mga gawain
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and then of course, yun sa mga pervasive
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talagang specialized yung kailangan na assistance
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ng mga taong may ganito
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usually yung mga pang-araw-araw talaga nilang buhay
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like for example, pagliligo, personal hygiene
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kailangan talaga nila ng assistance from a professional
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so majority ng mga cases na may intellectual disability
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is nasa mild to moderate lang
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with intermittent or limited need for assistance
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usually, nagkakaroon lang ng severe to profound na case
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ang isang ID kapag biological yung cause nito
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or even kapag hindi siya natrato ng maayos
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may maltreatment na nangyari sa bata
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speaking of causes, pag-usapan na natin
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kung ano nga ba ang pwedeng cause
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ng intellectual disability
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so just like other neurodevelopmental disorder
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napaka-biological ng intellectual disability
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yun nga lang, unlike other neurodevelopmental disorder
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may mga social and environmental factors
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na pwedeng maka-apekto sa isang bata
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para mag-develop siya ng intellectual disability
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pero pag-usapan muna natin, dun tayo sa biological
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so first of course is yung genetics
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so ang intellectual disability is namamana siya
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just like any other disorders naman
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yun nga lang, yung purely genetic kind
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or purely genetic form of intellectual disability
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maybe because of natural selection
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so pag-usapan natin yung natural selection sa video na ito
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and then related of course sa genes natin
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is yung chromosomes
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and problem with chromosomes can also lead
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to intellectual disability
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marahil ay familiar kayo sa down syndrome
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na kung saan nagkakaroon ng extra 21st chromosome
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and then dahil doon parang nagmamanifest
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yung familiar facial features
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ng mga taong may down syndrome
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so usually, yung mga taong may down syndrome
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is may mga intellectual disability din sila
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and just like intellectual disability
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may iba't-ibang level
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so may mga mild, moderate, severe
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meron pa nga mga iba na nakapag-artista sila
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and nakakapagturo ng mga ibang tao
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and then of course meron din tayo mga profound cases
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na hindi usually na-address yung kanilang needs
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kaya sila dumating sa ganong point
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as I've mentioned
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hindi lang biological
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pwede rin social and cultural
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yung maging cause ng intellectual disability
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ang tawag natin dito is
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cultural-familial-intellectual disability
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ang pang-aabuso sa bata
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ang pagdideprive sa kanyang mga basic needs
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pagdeprive ng nutrition
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pagdeprive ng social interaction
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kinukulong or something like that
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tapos hindi pinag-aral
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can cause also intellectual disability
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kasi hindi nabigyan ng chance
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ma-develop yung brain ng bata
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not to mention yung trauma
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na na-experience din
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ng taong ito habang lumalaki siya
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unfortunately, this still happens
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sa Philippines, lalo na sa mga isolated places
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kung saan yung awareness
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about intellectual disability
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is almost non-existent
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usually parang may mild to moderate
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na impairment yung bata
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pero yun nga dahil walang awareness
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hindi alam kung anong gagawin
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walang mag-aalaga
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hindi mabibigay yung special needs
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ayun, mapapabayaan yung bata
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or worse, ma-abuso pa
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or ma-maltratuhin pa
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because of their condition
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so from mild lang yung ID
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kasi nga hindi na-address
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yung special needs
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as you can see, napaka-importante
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para sa mga taong may intellectual disability
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para makapag-adjust sila
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at makasabay sila
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sa galaw ng lipunan
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ngayon naman, pag-usapan natin
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kung ano ba yung mga treatment
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na pwedeng ibigay
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sa mga taong may intellectual disability
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yung mga biological interventions
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para sa mga taong may ID
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and ang treatment ng ID
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is depende sa severity
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para sa mga may mild
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and moderate na ID
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yung mga strategies
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na ginagamit for SLD
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is very effective for them
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kung saan parang tututuan talaga sila
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or tututukan sila
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sa kanilang reading, writing
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and mathematical skills
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para makasabay sila
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kahit papano sa klase nila
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tapos, to help them naman
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with their social and practical needs
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tuturuan sila ng mga social skills
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nakatulad na ginagawa sa mga taong
09:04.0
may autism spectrum disorder
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in terms of their practical skills
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papano yung personal hygiene
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pano mag-toothbrush na mag-isa
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maligo na mag-isa
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then, of course, yung overall na kalinisan nila
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sa kanilang pangangatawan
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and then, minsan, tinuturuan din sila
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kung papano magluto
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mag-saeng, lalo na dito sa Pilipinas
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and then, of course,
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yung mga complex skills na
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like, for example,
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and then, pag-grocery
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depende sa level na kaya
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or nung taong may intellectual disability
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tinuturuan din sila
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kung papano yung may apply
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yung mga natutunan nila sa school
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especially, yung kanilang reading
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and, of course, yung mathematical skills nila
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para sa mga taong may severe to profound
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case of intellectual disability
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medyo specialized
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and professionalized na
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yung binibigay na assistance
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sa mga cases na ganito
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so, ang focus sa mga gantong cases
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is yung communication skills
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or nung taong may intellectual disability
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kasi kung di makakommunicate
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nung taong yung gusto niya
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and kung baga kung ano yung kailangan niya
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syempre, mahihirapan din yung caregiver
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pero once na natutunan na
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yung papano makipag-communicate
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nung taong may intellectual disability
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eh, relatively speaking
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mas madadalian na
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yung caregiver niya
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of course, ng care
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nakakaintindihan na sila
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kailangan din na tatag ng loob
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para hayaan silang matuto
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minsan, nangingibabaw
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yung parang naawa
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yung mga ibang caregiver
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na nahihirapan sila
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sa pag-acquire ng skills
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like, for example,
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sa kanilang paliligo
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di makakatulong yun
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kasi, ang goal talaga
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is maging independent sila
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and hindi sila magiging independent
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kung masyado natin silang ibibaby
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sa kanilang mga pang-araw-araw
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hindi forever na nandyan yung caregiver
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kaya, mas maganda
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kung tatanda sila
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kayang-kayang lang mabuhay
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kahit sila lang mag-isa
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other neurodevelopmental disorder
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early acceptance,
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and early intervention
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para hindi masyadong lumala
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ang ID ng isang bata
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So, once na-train na sila
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nabigyan sila ng social skills
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and practical skills training,
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eh, mataas yung chance
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na makapag-adjust
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ang mga taong may ID
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kung mild to moderate lang naman
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yung kanilang intellectual disability
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which is usually the case naman
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Nakakalungkot nga lang minsan
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na nami-misunderstood sila
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and even pagdabata sila,
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and alam ko ito first-hand
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dahil someone close to me
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has an intellectual disability
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and nakita ko nga yung buhay niya
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hanggang pagtanda niya
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So, marami sa mga taong
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may mild to moderate ID
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ang namumuhay ng normal
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tulad ng karaniwang tao
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So, naalagaan nila yung sarili nila
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nakakapag-commute sila
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nakakaroon sila ng kaibigan
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nakakaroon din sila ng mga fandom nila
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nakakaroon sila ng mga idol nila
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nakakagamit sila ng smartphone
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at kung ano-ano man gadgets
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mayroon pa silang full-time job
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na para tinatawag na supported employment
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na kung saan nagtatrabaho sila
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as a normal employee
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but at the same time
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mayroon pa rin care
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or mayroon pa rin support
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ng kanilang caregiver
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So, in short, yung mga taong
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may intellectual disability
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and isama na rin natin
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yung mga ibang neurodevelopmental disorder
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yung mga may ADHD
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yung mga may autism spectrum disorder
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and even yung mga taong may SLD
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e, hindi naman sila pabigat
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with subjective experiences
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nakakaramdam sila ng saya
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nakakaramdam sila ng tua
12:34.0
sa kanilang mga idols
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at nagkikare din sila
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para sa mga taong
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nakapaligid sa kanila
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So, ayan, napag-usapan natin
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kung ano yung intellectual disability
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and sana na may natutunan kayo
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and nag-enjoy kayo
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Huwag nyo kalimutang i-like
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at i-share nyo rin to
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sa mga nagri-review nyong friends
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and huwag nyo rin yung kalimutang
12:52.0
kung hindi pa kayo
12:55.0
maraming maraming salamat din
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sa mga members natin
12:58.0
na directly sumu-support
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kung gusto nyo rin
13:01.0
suportahan yung channel natin
13:05.0
at click nyo lang yan
13:08.0
kung anong gagawin nyo
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So, maraming salamat
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and yan muna sa ngayon