BANAT BY TAKOT TATAY? | TRAFFIC VIOLATION IS A CRIME? FISCAL EJ X TAPWAN PALIWANAGAN
01:16.5
Tapos mga kabatas natin, doon sa mga nakakakilala, meron din hong content creator, vlogger, si Tapuan.
01:27.5
Matagal ko na rin siyang kilala mga kabatas natin. Simula nung nagsisimula pa lang ako, nung mga sampu-sampu parang kami nandodoon hong siya doon sa aking free legal advice.
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And we're okay. Mayos naman kami sa isa't isa.
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Nag-question din siya. Kasi nga, itong si Tapuan mga kabatas natin, as his name implies, number one siya. Number one siya sa criminology board exam.
01:55.5
Isa po siyang criminologist. So yung mga criminologist, syempre, marunong din yan sa crimes. Lalong-lalo na sa revised penal code.
02:04.5
And syempre, nagtuturo rin siya ng ganon. At meron din siyang review center at isa rin siyang teacher.
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E-incorporate din natin dito yung kanyang mga katanungan sa akin at yung mga gusto niyang sagutin ko.
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Kasi nga, maganda rin kasi na linabas niya yung mga definitions ng mga bagay-bagay.
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Yung definition ng crime, acts or omissions punishable by law.
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Tapos, syempre, yung definition ng offenses.
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Ano ba ang offenses? Importante kasi yung offenses na yan. Ipapakita ko sa inyo mamaya.
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Ano ba ang offenses? Offenses are crimes or felonies. Felonies or crimes.
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Ang felony naman kasi mga kabatas natin, ito yung mga punishable by the revised penal code.
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I-correct nyo na lang ako pag nalito-lito ako. It's just all from memory.
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Pero pinanood ko yung kay Top One. Yun yung definition na sinabi niya.
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Pareho sila ng sinasabi ni Fiscal EJ. Merong fine.
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Yang fine na yan, that is a penalty. That is a punishment.
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Therefore, reckless driving, sabi nila, is a crime.
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Pero, I have to enlighten you guys.
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May tatlong klase ng liabilities.
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Civil liability, criminal liability, at administrative liability.
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Ngayon, umpisahan natin doon sa civil liability.
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Yung civil liability, mga kabatas natin, ito rin, kapag ikaw ay may liability civil,
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pwede rin kasing gumawa ka ng isang bagay na act or omission din.
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Umpisan natin sa act. Ano ba yung act? Gagawa ka ng isang bagay.
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Ang omission, hindi ka gagawa ng isang bagay.
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Pumunta tayo sa act. Kasi ang reckless driving ay isang act o paggawa ng isang bagay.
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Tingnan nyo ito, mga kabatas natin.
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Kunwari, merong ginawa kang breach of contract.
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Ang breach of contract is not a crime.
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But it is an overt act.
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O kaya kahit ano, naginawa mo mga kabatas natin.
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Pagkatapos nun, may binigay na punishment sa'yo yung korte.
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Binigyan ka ng punishment katulad ng exemplary damages.
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Ano ba ang exemplary damages?
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Ang exemplary damages, mga kabatas natin,
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binibigay yan ng korte sa isang tao para huwag niya nang ulitin yung ginagawa niya.
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At maging example siya sa ibang tao para hindi gayahin yung ginawa niya.
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So siyempre, ang exemplary damages, in a way, parusa na rin yan.
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Kasi it's in the form of money.
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Pero mga kabatas natin, that's only civil liability.
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Dito sa dalawa na susunod, mga kabatas natin, administrative at criminal liability,
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meron nang binigay sa atin si Fiscal EJ dito.
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Tingnan nyo yung number one.
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Pero huwag nyo munang pansinin ito.
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SC Citation, yes. Kung mali naman ang pagkakaintindi, wala pa rin.
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It will all resolve doon sa case na sinayt ko at ipapakita ko sa inyo.
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At magiging oo nga ng moment na naman para sa inyo ito kung bakit ginamit ko yung kasong yun.
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Kung bakit ginamit ko yung kasong yun.
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Tandaan nyo yung offenses. Lalabas yan doon sa SC Citation.
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Sabi niya, hindi porket fine lang ang penalty, eh hindi na siya crime.
05:51.5
Basic yan sa criminal law that punishment for a crime can be either a fine or imprisonment of both such imprisonment and fine.
05:59.5
I agree if you're talking about a crime.
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Pero mga kabatas natin, dito sa adenda niya, one of his addendums,
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dalawang klase ang fines sa reckless driving, administrative at criminal.
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Doon pa lang, tapos na.
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Because of course, if the fine is criminal in nature, it is in pursuant of a crime.
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If it is administrative in nature, it is in pursuant of an administrative liability.
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Okay, para hindi pa kayo makonfuse mga kabatas natin.
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Administrative cases, iba ang jurisdiction nila.
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Like for example, traffic violations in general.
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Hindi ha yung mga amounting to crime.
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Saan ba? LTO o kahit sino mang deputize the agency.
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Pero yung mga criminal in nature, like for example, reckless imprudence resulting in damage to property.
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Si fiscal EJ na mismo ang nagbigay ng kasagutan.
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This is an argument for me.
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Hindi na ini-enforce ng LTO ang criminal aspect ng violation dahil masyado ng maliit ang fine na nakalagay sa section 56L.
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10 to 50 pesos lang.
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I beg to disagree na ang, itong sinasabi niya kasi, section 56L 10 to 50 pesos lang, hindi ito yung fine na ngayon.
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Hindi rin ito yung applicable.
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Pero ito, ang sasabihin ko sa inyo.
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Hindi dito sa reckless driving na administrative lang, wala siyang criminal liability.
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It's only a fine.
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Tulad nga ng sinabi mo dito, administrative fine lang.
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Anong mangyayari ba dito?
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Mafafine siya dalawang beses?
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Administratively at saka criminally.
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Pero siyempre, sinabi niya rin dito na without prejudice to any criminal action that may be instituted under existing laws, that if there are any other violations.
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Pero here, we are talking only about reckless driving without causing damage or injuries.
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Kasi nga, kapag may damage or injuries na, pupunta na yan sa imprudence at negligence.
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Nag-agree na tayo doon, that is actually criminal in nature.
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Wala ng problema doon.
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Sige, balik tayo.
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Dito sa sinabi niya.
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Sabi niya, ito, tandaan niyo rin ito, hindi na ini-enforce ng LTO ang criminal aspect daw.
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So, ibig sabihin yung LTO magpa-file ng reckless diving as a criminal case para makakuha ulit ng fine na nakuha na nila?
10:12.5
If it is not punished criminally, there's no way you can file it.
10:24.5
Because there is no crime if there is no law punishing it.
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Tandaan niyo, we have the three kinds of liability.
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Even with procedure, civil procedure slightly differs from criminal procedure.
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More so, administrative procedure differs from civil and criminal procedure.
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So, balik tayo sa definition.
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Crime, acts or omissions punishable by law.
10:56.5
Yes, if it is a crime under a criminal law system.
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But there are also acts or omissions that are punishable under administrative law and civil law.
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Otherwise, criminal ako.
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Because like I told you, I was given a ticket for reckless driving dahil nag-counterflow ako.
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Hindi naman counterflow.
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Pumasok ako sa isang eskenita na one-way pala dahil kay Wiggs.
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Tanong ko sa'yo panyero, magpa-file ka pa ba ng kaso sa piskalya kung alam mong ganito kaliit ang penalty?
11:53.5
It explains why walang nakakasuhan ng reckless driving sa korte.
11:57.5
That is also or this number 2 is the reason why I cited the case.
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Yung kaso na Cristobal.
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People of the Philippines vs Cristobal.
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Sandali, mayroon pala natin kung may...
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Itong number 2 nya kasi na ito, related din siya number 2 dito.
12:21.5
Thank you for reminding me na dapat gumamit ng SC citations pero sorry, mali yung pagkakaintindi mo sa SC decision na si Knight po.
12:26.5
Ang sabi ng SC, hindi na siya dapat inaresto pa not because the traffic violation he committed is not a crime but because his violation imposes only a penalty of fine.
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Ito rin, si top 1, nandiyan ba?
12:42.5
Si fiscal EJ, ito rin ang ipapaintindi ko sa inyo.
12:58.5
Wala kasing naipapile sabi niyo na reckless driving na kaso.
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Basic inference lang ito.
13:06.5
San tayo magsisimula?
13:07.5
It is clear from the above provision that a violation of the law requiring the use of helmets while driving a motorcycle is only punishable by fine.
13:16.5
Is it possible that we can change this?
13:19.5
It is clear from the above provision that a violation of the law requiring, or a violation of the law, reckless driving is only punishable by fine.
13:33.5
Kasi reckless driving is only punishable by fine in the same Republic Act.
13:38.5
Ngayon, dito ko ngayon.
13:59.5
Doon tayo magkoconcentrate ngayon.
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I know, like I said, this is your oongano moment.
14:08.5
When is there a lawful arrest?
14:11.5
Arrest in flagrante delicto in relation to this case.
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Punta tayo dun sa website ko.
14:22.5
Pero tama naman ito kung naglagay nito eh.
14:27.5
Natatandaan niyo pa ba yung definitions natin?
14:31.5
When is there a lawful warrantless arrest?
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Anong nangyari sa kaso na si Knight natin?
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Warrantless arrest, di ba?
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When in his presence, the person to be arrested that's committed is actually committing or is attempting to commit an offense.
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What is an offense?
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A crime or a felony.
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Oh my goodness, nandu-doon na naman yung word na offense.
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When an offense has just been committed and he has probable cause to believe.
15:04.5
Palitan na lang natin yung offense.
15:06.5
Kasi kasama yung felony dyan eh.
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Ipasok na lang natin.
15:09.5
When in his presence, the person to be arrested that's committed is actually committing or is attempting to commit a crime.
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When a crime has just been committed and he has probable cause to believe based on personal knowledge of facts or circumstances that the person to be arrested has committed it.
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Let's go to the case.
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The case na sinasabi nyo na hindi ko naintindihan.
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Mas mataas lang yata ang level ng understanding ko.
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Because we can infer from here
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that there cannot be a lawful arrest
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As there was no, as there could have been any lawful arrest to speak of.
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Because what he committed is merely a traffic violation that is not a crime.
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Otherwise, kapag crime yung kinumit niya dito na is only punishable by a fine,
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it is tantamount to a crime.
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It is tantamount to a crime kahit sinasabi mo na mababa lang yung fine niya o hindi siya.
16:32.5
Hindi siya pinupersonal prosecutor according to fiscal EJ's argument.
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Hindi lang pinupersonal prosecutor yan kasi ganito, ganito, ganito yung claims niya.
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And his argument, dapat valid pa rin yung arrest.
16:54.5
Dapat valid pa rin yung arrest.
16:56.5
Bakit hindi valid yung arrest?
16:59.5
Kung itong fine na ito, it carries with it or it is a crime.
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Sabi ni Kayo, no lawful arrest to speak of, meaning not under the definition of crime.
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Otherwise, there should be a crime.
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So ngayon, ano ang tanong ngayon dyan?
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Ako ba yung hindi nakaintindi?
17:34.5
O naintindihan ko ito on a different level na hindi niyo naintindihan?
17:40.5
Because pagpapalitan natin lahat dito yung mga nangyari.
17:44.5
If yung paghuli sa kanya na punishable only with a fine is indeed a crime katulad ng sinasabi nyo.
17:54.5
Because traffic violation, this is also a traffic violation that is punishable under the same law.
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Which is also punishable by a fine.
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The same with reckless driving.
18:07.5
If this is a crime, then dapat valid yung arrest.
18:17.5
Bakit hindi valid yung arrest?
18:19.5
Because there is no crime, there is no offense.
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There is no offense to speak of.
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Katula, babalik tayo sa admission na ni Fiscal EJ.
18:45.5
Dalawang klase kasi ang fine sa reckless driving, administrative at criminal.
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Criminal cases, sa korte.
19:01.5
Ito pa, balik tayo doon.
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Siyempre, alam ko naman.
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Hindi ko kasi nadidiscuss lahat kasi wala akong, lahat lang nasa utak ko.
19:12.5
May mga nakikalimutan ako pero naalala ko na ulit.
19:35.5
Under Republic Act 4136, that is the law that we are talking about or Land Transportation and Traffic Code,
19:42.5
the general procedure for dealing with the traffic violation is not the arrest of the offender but the confiscation of the driver's license of the latter.
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Bakit driver's license of the latter?
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Because sinabi nga ni Fiscal EJ, it is administrative in nature.
20:06.5
May fine ka because you are given the privilege.
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You are given the privilege to drive a motor vehicle.
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Ngayon, ngayon, for you to maintain that privilege,
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you have to abide by the rules and regulations.
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Laws in relation to maintaining that particular driver's license.
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Ngayon, pag-beniolate mo,
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yung mga binigay sa'yo ng batas para magkaroon ka ng privilege na yun,
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pwede kang makasuhan.
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Administratively.
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Katulad nung nangyari dun sa bumunot ng baril at kumasakasa,
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re-revoke yung driver's license niya, di ba?
21:00.5
Because sinabi dun na may penalty ka.
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Administratively, pwede ma-confiscate yung driver's license mo o kaya ma-revoke yan.
21:16.5
Because you cannot arrest them. Why?
21:19.5
Because there is no crime to speak of.
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Otherwise, magiging valid yung warrant of arrest.
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Ang pwede mo lang gawin, ang max lang dyan, confiscation of the driver's license
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because it is under Republic Act 4136.
21:42.5
Alam natin lahat, mga kabatas natin.
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Ako kasi mga kabatas natin, many times I applied for an international driver's license.
21:51.5
Pag iba-ibang bansa, iba-iba yung paraan para makakuha ka ng international driver's license.
21:58.5
Minsan dito sa AAAA, pwede na.
22:00.5
Minsan meron ka pang kailangan gawin doon sa bansa na pupuntahan mo.
22:07.5
Ngayon, we all know na ang ating traffic laws generally are the same all over the world.
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Ini-standardize dyan.
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Ini-standardize dyan. Bakit?
22:25.5
Kasi nga, when people travel like me for example or like you when you go abroad,
22:31.5
pare-pareho yung streetlights, pare-pareho yung mga batas para hindi ka na makonfuse.
22:39.5
Tingnan nyo, what is the difference between civil and criminal traffic violation?
22:44.5
This guy is a lawyer.
23:00.5
Non-criminal offenses are referred to as civil infractions.
23:08.5
Including speeding, failing to stop, or yield, improper turning, careless driving.
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Careless is synonymous to reckless driving.
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Okay, sasabihin nila, Amerika yan, hindi ang kasali.
23:23.5
Oops, secondary sources of law.
23:35.5
Diba? Gusto nyo pa? Okay, let's go. Hindi pa natin nasagot lahat.
23:40.5
Ano pa ba yung nandoon?
23:56.5
Yan, nasagot ko na ito.
24:00.5
Magpa-file ka pa ba ng kasa sa piskilya kung alam mong kalihit ng penalty?
24:04.5
Well, if it's still a crime, dapat.
24:06.5
If you arrest them while they are doing a crime, it is a valid warrantless arrest.
24:12.5
That's why I gave you that example.
24:16.5
Tapos, yun din ang dahilan kung bakit walang reckless driving lang na kaso.
24:23.5
It's because it is a mere administrative fine.
24:29.5
It's an administrative case cognizable by the LTO or any agency that is deputized, not the court.
24:38.5
Okay, at kung walang nakakasuan sa korte, that explains why sa buhay ko bilang piskal wala pa akong napoprosecute kasong reckless driving sa korte.
24:46.5
Okay, wala ka pa. Meron ba tayong jurisprudence?
24:50.5
Wala rin akong alam.
24:52.5
Pero meron akong nakitang jurisprudence na yung pinakita ko sa inyo, based on inference magpapakita na it is not a crime because there is no valid arrest based on that particular traffic violation.
25:11.5
Pero hindi ibig sabihin na hindi nag-iexist ang crime.
25:18.5
There is no crime if there is no law punishing it.
25:22.5
That particular penalty is an administrative penalty and not a criminal penalty.
25:31.5
That's why you don't see it in the courts.
25:37.5
Okay, hanggang hindi pa nari-repeal that continues to be a crime under Section 48 in relation to Section 56L and M of Republic Act 4136.
25:47.5
Nasagot ko na yan.
25:48.5
Okay, Supreme Court decision.
25:51.5
That's very good inference.
25:56.5
Eto pa, nakalagay sa mismong DOT sa Administrative Order 2014-01 na the imposition of administrative penalty without prejudice to any criminal actions that may be instituted under existing laws.
26:08.5
Nasagot ko na ito.
26:10.5
Yes, if it is again punishable by another.
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Merong special law.
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Without prejudice to any criminal actions.
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If there is a criminal action, pero if it is merely an administrative liability, it stays there.
26:33.5
It does not transform into a criminal liability.
26:38.5
Marami tayong alam na administrative fines.
26:41.5
Napaparusahan ka, hindi dahil criminal ka.
26:45.5
Because you violated an administrative order or an administrative law.
26:57.5
But it is not criminal in nature.
27:00.5
That's why you don't kulong.
27:04.5
And you don't fine criminally.
27:13.5
Para hindi ma-confuse ang viewers mo sinasabi mong fine, explain mo sa kanilang dalawang klase ng fines sa reckless driving.
27:18.5
Well, I explained it to them already.
27:23.5
Ang ginawa ni Fiscal EJ dito, sabi ko sa inyo hanggang dito lang noon yung sinabi niya.
27:30.5
Nakita ko and naalala ko agad na ganito ko i-explain.
27:35.5
The very reason, the very reason why I cited that case is to make a distinction of the two penalties of the two fines.
27:48.5
That's the very reason there.
27:50.5
Now it's clear, maliwanag na sa lahat.
27:55.5
Si Fiscal EJ mismo umamin.
27:57.5
Dalawang klase ng fine.
28:06.5
Ah dito, sa mga ano nyo dito.
28:16.5
Nakalagay daw dito na may mapepenalize daw dito sa, syempre, well, resolution to the Supreme Court.
28:28.5
Violations of traffic laws, rules and regulations.
28:30.5
Pero nag-agree na tayo eh.
28:32.5
Na merong traffic laws which are criminal in nature but not reckless driving by itself.
28:43.5
Because it's merely a fine.
28:47.5
And it is an administrative fine.
28:56.5
Let's go back to the case na hindi ko naiintindihan.
29:00.5
Naiintindihan nyo na ba kung bakit yun ang sinight ko na hindi siya pwedeng arestuhin?
29:07.5
Kasi nga, it presupposes for a person to be arrested, he should have committed a crime.
29:17.5
There was no crime there. That's why the arrest was illegal.
29:22.5
You just have to go back to the definition of warrantless arrest.
29:30.5
Tapos three types of liability, administrative, civil, at criminal.
29:37.5
Diba? Gets na? O meron pa yata sya dito.
29:55.5
Meron syang linagay dito. Para tama ba yung narinig ko sa'yo?
29:58.5
Sabi niya ulit. Saan ba yun?
30:00.5
Ito. Tama ba sabi niya yung narinig ko na traffic violation is not a crime?
30:07.5
Well, in this particular traffic violation, we are talking about reckless driving.
30:14.5
Pag titignan mo kasi yung sinabi mo doon, reckless driving. Pinaliwanan ko naman na yun kanina.
30:19.5
So, malinaw na lahat.
30:23.5
Malinaw na. Diba?
30:25.5
Malinaw na. Diba?
30:28.5
Even jurisdictions in other countries, when it comes to traffic violations, dual.
30:35.5
Dalong klase ng fine. Sa America, civil. Civil infraction ang tawag sa kanila.
30:46.5
Diba? Okay na! Yan!
30:49.5
I think I answered everything na. Ngayon fiscal EJ, meron pending ako sa'yo.
30:59.5
Dalong beses na ako sinagot lahat ng mga tanong mo. Sagutin mo naman yung tanong ko.
31:05.5
Kahit isa na lang in relation to this one. Saan mo kinuha?
31:09.5
Saan mo kinuha yung element mo sa anti-road rage proposed bill kung saan kailangan yung cursing, yung pagmumura, should be directed towards another person?
31:27.5
Pakita mo lang sa amin yung proposed bill, tapos turun mo kung saan doon.
31:35.5
Yun lang. That's the only way to do it.
31:37.5
Okay? Yan! Maraming salamat mga kabatas natin.
31:41.5
Intendance? Administrative, civil, at criminal.
31:46.5
Alright? Maraming salamat. At syempre tulad ng lagi ko sinasabi, matulog po tayo ng mahimbing.
31:52.5
Tuloy ba debate? Tuloy yung debate.
31:55.5
Dahil alam natin, na yung natutulog ng mahimbing, siya yung lagi yung panalo.
32:00.5
Paalam po. Padsamuntan.
