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When you decided to invite me, pumunta agad ako doon sa library ko at kinuha ko itong napaka-interesante yung libro.

I think mababasa ito nung makikita ng mga viewers natin.

How Democracy Was Lost.

It's written by Augusto Cesar Espiritu.

Essentially a diary of the 1971 Constitutional Convention.

Doon sa opening pa lang talaga nung diary niya, itong member ng CONCO na ito,

makikita mo na yung problema talaga is yung chacha or yung term extension.

So yung takot talaga nung mga member ng Constitutional Convention, even nung 1971,

binubuksan lamang yung ating saligang batas para yung nasa taas, yung presidente, magkaroon ng oportunidad para ma-extend yung termino niya.

So ganyan din yung term ni President Ramos.

The shift to a parliamentary form of government essentially lifts the term limit for the president.

And they will do it during the first half of the president's term habang malakas pa siya.

Dahil pagkatapos na...

ng midterm elections, usually yung mga senador na nagbabalak na tumakbo for vice president or the presidency,

lumalabas na yung mga sungay nila, alam nila na transition period na.

So in terms of timing, in terms of content, in terms of maybe motivation, it's always been about term limits.

Kaya kung sasabihin ng mga tao, wait, parang conspiracy theory yan, no?

Parang hindi mo naman talaga alam yung motivation nung mga nagpupush ng charter change.

Well, if you look back at history, malinaw na paulit-ulit na yun talaga lagi yung binabagsakan.

And number two, given the nature of our history, also of our constitution,

every time na susubukan buksan yung ating saligang batas, you have to think of the worst possible motivation.

Diba?

You have to think of the worst possible motivation.

And ang tanong lagi, what's in it for the ones pushing it?

So for the members of the House na pinupush, can they really honestly say na ito yung advocacy nila na ibenta yung bayan sa mga foreigners?

Parang wala naman yatang maniniwala na ito yung kanilang plan or scheme for economic development for the nation.

So anyone who's looking at...

Despite the situation, pwede nilang sabihin talaga na baka naman meron pa talagang ibang motivation for pushing this type of a proposal.

Actually, a part of me wants to entertain.

Siguro parang mental exercise.

Baka naman siguro, in a way, benefit of the doubt.

Hindi ba pwede i-consider na iba itong pinupush nila?

Yun lang naman, siguro devils advocate for the devils.

Yes.

Okay.

Kasi ito na example.

So historically pala, talagang laging it's all about term limits.

Kung baga parang excuse lang yan to open the constitution.

Pero ngayon kasi sinasabi nila, very specific yung nakalagay sa resolution namin.

And di ba sinasabi nila, they don't even have to convene as a constituent assembly.

Pwede siyang ipasa separately yung tinatawag na Father Joaquin Bernas model.

What do you think of that?

Yeah.

In theory, pwede naman talaga na honest-to-goodness na proposal yan.

But you have to realize, the moment the machine starts moving, kahit ano pwede na mangyari.

So punyari, balik tayo doon sa nangyari noong 1971.

Akala noong mga nagsusulat ng constitution noong 1971,

kayang ma-avoid yung question ng extension ng term limits noong presidente at the time.

And then suddenly, nagkaroon ng declaration.

And then suddenly, nagkaroon ng declaration of martial law.

When martial law was declared, lahat nang pwedeng ipasok noong presidente, na ipasok niya na.

Ganyan din, I think, yung potential na pwedeng mangyari dyan sa proposal to separately convene.

Pwedeng may mangyari sa House, pwedeng may mangyari sa Senate.

But in the end, kailangan lang mag-convene together for a final proposal.

So yun, hindi mo na makakontrol yun.

The moment they sit down together, kung ano yung final proposal,

parang yung bicameral conference committee for passing a regular legislation,

merong pwedeng ipasok.

And that happens all the time.

And na-question na yan, several times sa Korte Suprema,

and yung Korte Suprema, laging yung sinasabi na,

well, pwede naman mag-insert, pwedeng magbawas pagdating sa bicameral conference committee.

And so, ang malamang na mangyari dyan,

they can talk about itong mga innocuous,

mga proposals to amend the Constitution,

yung education, advertising, public utility.

Pero pagdating doon sa tunay na unsapan, doon sa bicameral conference na,

for the purpose of proposing amendments to the Constitution,

pwede nang magbago yan.

And kapag pumasok na yung proposal to extend the term of anyone,

the president, vice president, or kung sino man, mahirap nang mahinto yan.

And that's always the danger.

Dahil, again, we need to go back to yung basic structure of our Constitution.

Yung ating Constitution is fixed.

Ibig sabihin, by design, dapat siya mahirap talagang mabago or ma-alter.

That's why yung amendment or revision process is designed to be equally difficult.

Kailangan mo nga ng supermajority na three-fourths,

and then dapat sila magkahiwalay.

Kailangan mo nga nagtatrabaho dahil it's a bicameral...

Hiwalay na buboto dahil it's a bicameral system.

So, that was really meant to make it as difficult as possible

for those in power to amend the Constitution.

Pangalawa, and I'd like to emphasize this,

the best time to amend the Constitution is really during some kind of a special moment.

So, in Constitution law, ito yung tinatawag namin na,

constitutional moment.

Parang yung mga nagliligawan, parang kailangan tayo magkaroon ng moment

para maisip natin yung talagang gusto nating baguhin sa ating Constitution.

The prime example of this would be the 1986 People Power, diba?

Noong 1986, nagkaroon tayo ng revolution,

and one of the acts of the revolutionary government was precisely to

repudiate the 1973 Constitution.

And that was a constitutional moment for the Philippines because

under a revolutionary system, makakatutok talaga yung mga tao

dun sa gusto nilang bagong sistema ng pamamahala, bagong sistema ng gobyerno.

So, kung ganun yung sistema, you're under what we call a constitutional moment,

a situation where yung mga tao nakafocus yung attention nila dun sa nangyayari dun sa sitwasyon,

wala kang question about motives.

Kasi kaya kang ngayon nagkaroon ng revolution, nagkaroon ka ng end sa revolution ay dahil gusto mong baguhin yung sistema.

But, otherwise peaceful yung ating sitwasyon.

And yung proposal hindi manggagaling dun sa mga mamamayan.

Nanggagaling dun sa mga may kapangyarihan.

Natural, dapat yung mga tao tumas yung kila nila and sabihin na,

well, hindi ba pwede na you just try to govern properly?

Hindi ba pwede na ibaba na natin yung level ng corruption?

Hindi ba pwede na galingan na lang muna natin yung pamamalakan ng bayan?

Hindi ba pwede na bawasan nyo muna yung gastos nyo?

Maybe yun yung talagang magpapaulad sa ating bahay.

Di ba?

And that's the right attitude.

Natatawa ko rin sa mga hinihingi mo, Atty. Hilbay.

Kasi ang sasagot sa'yo ng trapo, hindi.

Paritan ng konstitusyon.

And kung yun yung sagot, ang report ko is, lalo akong hindi papayag sa chacha.

Okay.

Dahil kung yung mga reasonable yung hinihingi ko, hindi nyo maibigay sa akin, which is good governance,

honesty and transparency in government, prudence in the way the money of the people is spent,

and smaller government, something that's more reasonable para naman yung inflation bumaba,

para hindi tayo masyado bumutang.

Kung yung mga nasa kapangyarihan nyo ngayon, hindi nyo ibibigay sa mga mamamayan.

Lalo kung isasara yung pintuan dyan sa chacha na yan.

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