01:22.8
Dahil dito nag-upload po tayo ng mga mahalagang impormasyon tungkol po sa kaganapan ng ating mundo maging sa ating bansa.
01:30.0
Ito na, tignan po natin.
01:32.3
The South China Sea, destined for war?
01:36.6
Nai-destined na nga ba ang South China Sea or West Philippine Sea sa isang katakot-takot na digmaan?
01:44.1
3.5 million square kilometers of aquatic territory.
01:48.5
Trillions of dollars in natural resources.
01:52.8
Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and the United States.
01:59.3
Yan po yung mga nag-claim dyan.
02:02.4
Sa West Philippine Sea or South China Sea.
02:05.4
Okay? Yan po, mga sangkay. Hindi lamang po Pilipinas, hindi lamang China, kundi mayroon pong Vietnam, Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia.
02:14.1
Pero ang may pinakamaraming nakuha dyan ay ang Vietnam.
02:17.3
Ngayon, ang tanong kasi dito, nai-destined na nga ba itong South China Sea for war?
02:24.3
Anong mangyayari, mga sangkay?
02:26.3
All with overlapping and mutually exclusive.
02:29.3
This is a recipe for war.
02:33.4
Is it a good idea for these countries to have submarines, warships, and fighter jets always on patrol?
02:39.8
Is World War III only a matter of time?
02:42.1
Naku, yan na nga po.
02:44.5
Is World War III.
02:47.0
Sa ano lang, mga sangkay. At any moment, pwedeng mangyayari. At dito po mag-umpisa.
02:51.1
In this video, we'll dissect the tangled mess of claims surrounding the South China Sea.
02:57.4
Before we do, we'd like to take a look at the South China Sea.
02:58.4
Before we do, we'd like to take a look at the South China Sea.
02:58.4
Before we do, we'd like to take a look at the South China Sea.
02:59.3
Okay, forward pa natin sa parte ito.
03:24.6
Oceans are now battlefield.
03:26.5
Oceans are now battlefield.
03:26.5
The dispute lies at the center of many simmering conflicts between regional goings-on.
03:28.6
The dispute lies at the center of many simmering conflicts between regional goings-on.
03:28.7
The dispute lies at the center of many simmering conflicts between regional goings-on.
03:28.9
The dispute lies at the center of many simmering conflicts between regional goings-on.
03:29.1
The dispute lies at the center of many simmering conflicts between regional goings-on.
03:29.2
The dispute lies at the center of many simmering conflicts between regional goings-on.
03:29.3
With the exception, as always, of the United States.
03:34.3
Fishing rights, oil and gas drilling, and the strategically valuable islands might as well all be one super resource.
03:59.3
As what happens to one drastically affects the others.
04:07.9
The South China Sea is located south of China, southeast of Vietnam, and west of the Philippines.
04:13.4
It contains three main land features, the Spratly Islands, the Paracel Islands, and the Scarborough Shoal,
04:21.4
all of which have strategic value to the country's the South China Sea border.
04:29.3
Very interesting, no? Kasi itong video na to, may mga ano talaga siya.
04:34.3
May mga mahalagang impormasyon about dito sa West Philippine Sea.
04:38.3
As well as the United States.
04:40.9
Geopolitical power and the ability to be an influential player in the region and indeed the world
04:45.9
is predicated on control over all or part of the maritime territory.
04:50.5
Let's examine the natural resources of the South China Sea.
04:52.9
Ito na, natural resources.
04:55.3
One of the largest factors contributing to its immense importance in the region.
04:59.3
First, it boasts a diverse range of marine species, containing one-third of all biodiversity on the planet,
05:06.4
which allows for a lucrative fishing industry that accounts for 10% of the world's catch.
05:11.0
That's all well and good, but this economic cornucopia has also resulted in a tremendous ecological disaster,
05:17.9
with findings showing 40% of fishing stocks are collapsed or overexploited,
05:21.9
and 70% of the coral reefs are heavily depleted.
05:26.4
Moving from one unsustainable practice to another,
05:28.6
the second is a pair of resources, oil and natural gas.
05:33.2
Yan. Oil and natural gas.
05:36.1
Grabe ang lugar na ito.
05:37.2
Ito po yung pinag-iinteresan ng China ngayon, kaya gusto po nilang ma-invade ang lugar na yan.
05:43.1
Collaboration is key for...
05:44.4
Wait a minute. Tanggalin lang natin itong ads.
05:47.5
So, mga sangkay, maganda ito na malaman natin para mas maintindihan po natin itong buong West Philippine Sea.
05:54.6
Anong mayroon dyan? Sino yung mga nag-claim? At ano ang possible na mangyari?
05:58.6
Kung sakaling mangyayari po talaga, itong digmaan dyan. Sa karagatang yan.
06:02.9
Gas is the more abundant of the two, with an estimated yield of 266 trillion cubic feet.
06:08.2
Kanyang kadami, mga sangkay. Diyos miyo.
06:10.7
And it makes up 60 to 70% of the hydrocarbon resources in the region.
06:15.3
Its oil reserves, by comparison, are rather modest, with proven reserves clocking in at 7.7 billion barrels.
06:22.9
Although optimistic estimates put the number as high as 213 billion barrels.
06:28.6
...it's profitable, and will therefore probably be fueling your car soon.
06:33.4
Last, but definitely not least, is its importance to trade.
06:37.4
Approximately $3.4 trillion worth of trade passes through the South China Sea.
06:42.6
Dyan po dumadaan mga sangkay, yung mga goods, yung mga produkto.
06:46.1
...accounts for one-third of global shipping.
06:48.4
Between this and the fact that 64% of its trade depends on it,
06:52.2
China considers this sea vital to its economy and overall security.
06:56.6
Kaya gusto nila makuha mga sangkay.
06:58.6
However, similar claims are made by the other countries in the region,
07:02.5
which, unsurprisingly, has contributed to rising tensions, both historically and today.
07:08.0
Speaking of the past, let's look at some background context with a very brief overview of how important trade in the South China Sea has been historically.
07:15.9
This body of water has been vital to trade for a very long time, dating back to the 7th century CE.
07:23.5
It facilitated communication, cultural exchange, and the trade of commodities.
07:28.5
It facilitated communication, cultural exchange, and the trade of commodities.
07:28.6
So, itong South China Sea or West Philippine Sea, noon pa man pala mga sangkay,
07:32.9
BC area na po ito.
07:34.9
Noong unang panahon pa.
07:36.6
So, until now mga sangkay, makikita po natin yung conflict na mayroon pong pinanguhugutan talaga.
07:42.3
Fast-forwarding to the mid-20th century,
07:44.8
China seized the Paracel Islands from the now-extinct South Vietnam in 1974.
07:50.4
These islands are important primarily for their fishing grounds and their strategic location
07:54.5
just 200 nautical miles from China's Hainan Island province.
07:58.6
Twenty years later, in 1994,
08:01.6
the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,
08:04.4
which establishes a legal framework for all maritime activities,
08:08.2
established the international boundaries for territory, economic zones, and continental shelves.
08:13.9
This was an adequate start, but it didn't solve enough of the lingering territorial disputes.
08:19.1
So, in 2002, China and member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
08:24.4
agreed on a non-binding Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea.
08:28.0
agreed on a non-binding Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea.
08:28.5
agreed on a non-binding Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea.
08:29.7
which essentially affirms a commitment to peaceful passage through the South China Sea,
08:34.2
as well as mandating that members resolve disputes diplomatically,
08:37.6
and it lays out a host of cooperation agreements on specific resources and exploration.
08:42.5
In 2009, China responded to a joint submission by Malaysia and Vietnam
08:46.7
to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
08:49.3
by submitting a map containing the nine-dash line.
08:51.6
Yan po yung sinasabi ng Pilipinas na hindi makatarulong ang ginawa ng China.
08:57.1
and claimed approximately nine-dash line.
08:57.6
and claimed approximately nine-dash line.
08:58.1
and claimed approximately nine-dash line.
08:58.5
This is 90% of the area of the South China Sea.
09:09.7
With such an expansive claim,
09:13.8
one that strongly conflicts with those of several other countries,
09:17.7
we need to dive into the different claims and what they're based on.
09:20.8
Before we begin, just a quick note about Taiwan.
09:24.5
Taiwan's claims are identical to that of the People's Republic of China,
09:28.1
and based on the same evidence.
09:29.8
So, to avoid repetition, we won't give them their own section.
09:33.2
With that out of the way, we'll begin with the People's Republic of China.
09:37.0
The PRC's claim actually goes back thousands of years.
09:41.3
They assert that their ancestors were the first to discover the islands in the South China Sea,
09:45.9
and that Chinese governments throughout the ages have exercised continuous jurisdiction,
09:49.8
including economic development over the SCS and the islands it contains.
09:54.0
They also assert that not once during that time had their sovereignty over the SCS islands been challenged,
10:00.6
until relatively recently.
10:02.7
The islands under discussion are the Paracel and Spratly Islands.
10:06.6
We already mentioned where the Paracel Islands are located,
10:09.6
but where are the Spratly Islands, and why are they important?
10:13.2
Located north of insular Malaysia, and roughly halfway between the Philippines and Vietnam,
10:18.2
and spread out over a massive 409,000 square kilometers,
10:22.2
Lapit po sa ano, o.
10:23.8
Napit po sa ano, o.
10:24.0
Napakalapit lang sa Palawan.
10:25.6
China's interest in the islands is based on the available resources,
10:28.9
such as large oil and gas deposits and fishing.
10:32.0
They have strategic military value to China as well,
10:35.1
evidenced by the construction of military facilities including airstrips, radar systems, and naval bases.
10:40.8
Clearly, China sees these islands as a way to project power in the region.
10:45.7
Kung baga, ang nakikita dito ng China, ito itong lugar na to,
10:50.0
pwede talaga itong pwestuhan ng military.
10:52.9
Ngayon may mga anong,
10:54.0
mayroon sila diyan reklamasyon noong na diyan po nila binibuild up yung kanilang militar.
10:58.2
The aforementioned map with the nine-dash line has its roots in a map drawn by a Chinese cartographer in 1936,
11:04.6
which Taiwan adopted in 1947 and the PRC adopted in 1949.
11:09.8
It caused quite a stir at the time when China used the map in an official territorial assertion,
11:14.9
and is still a point of serious contention that the other claimant nations reject out of hand.
11:19.9
China claims 90% of the area,
11:22.1
so let's look at the map a bit closer,
11:24.0
and see for ourselves
11:25.0
Grabe no, 90% kiniklaim ng China sa buong area ng West Philippine Sea.
11:32.0
what possible issues this might cause.
11:35.0
Here's China's nine-dash line in red.
11:37.8
Actually, ginawa na po nilang 10 yan ngayon mga sangkay.
11:40.3
And now, here are all the exclusive economic zone, or EEZ, boundaries
11:44.0
for all the countries bordering the SCS as defined by UNCLOS.
11:48.1
Let's first note all the intersections between the nine-dash line and the EEZs of the other countries.
11:54.5
Two intersections with Vietnam's borders,
11:57.0
two intersections with Malaysia's borders,
11:59.5
two intersections with Brunei's borders,
12:02.0
and one intersection with the Philippines' border.
12:05.5
Makikita niyo ito ha.
12:06.5
Ito yung tinatawag na exclusive economic zone ng mga bansa.
12:10.0
Ito yung sa Pilipinas.
12:12.0
Nakikita niyo yung blue.
12:14.0
Tapos itong Vietnam, ito po yung dilaw.
12:20.0
Tapos itong China, sinakop lahat.
12:23.0
Kung papansinin niyo mga sangkay, Vietnam and China halos nagkiklaim ng napakalawak na part.
12:30.0
Now, let's see all the intersections that are only between countries other than China.
12:35.0
Vietnam's border intersects Malaysia's border twice, Brunei's border twice, and the Philippines' border twice.
12:41.0
Grabe. Yan po yung Vietnam ha. Yan po sa Vietnam yan mga sangkay.
12:46.0
Pero yung China, mayroon pa. Mas malawak din po yun.
12:50.0
Malaysia's border, besides Vietnam, intersects with China.
12:51.0
Intersects Brunei's border twice, and the Philippines once.
12:55.0
Nagbabanggaan po yung mga exclusive economic zone, yung mga EEZ.
12:60.0
The only two countries whose borders do not intersect are Brunei and the Philippines.
13:04.0
It should be pretty clear that while China is making an expansive claim, they don't account for all the complexity in the region.
13:12.0
We can see that when the nine-dash line is removed, there remain several border disputes of which China is not a party.
13:19.0
And the big player becomes Vietnam.
13:21.0
Now, let's move on to the claims of the other countries except the border overlaps.
13:27.0
We'll focus only on the specific landmasses claimed.
13:30.0
We'll start with the smallest country in the region, Brunei.
13:33.0
Grabe, ang late lang ng kiniklaim ng Brunei.
13:36.0
Brunei specifically claims a reef known as the Louisa Reef, which is located in the Spratly Island Archipelago.
13:42.0
These islands, according to Brunei, fall within their defined portion of the continental shelf as well as their EEZ.
13:49.0
This reef is valuable mostly due to its amazing biodiversity, which fuels thriving tourism and fishing industries, and provides abundant subjects for pharmaceutical research.
13:59.0
Next, we'll look at Brunei's neighbor, Malaysia.
14:02.0
Malaysia claims Swallow Reef, which it has controlled since the 1983 occupation, and Amboyna Cay, which Vietnam controls.
14:09.0
Both of which are part of the Spratly Islands, and all of which are claimed by China.
14:13.0
The legal basis for Malaysia's claim comes from a continental shelf law from 1966.
14:19.0
A 1979 map, and their joint submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in 2009.
14:25.0
Along with Brunei, Malaysia also claimed Louisa Reef.
14:29.0
But in 2009, the two countries entered into an agreement.
14:32.0
Ang dami nagkiklaim. Kaya mga sangkay, sinasabi po ng mga expert, magiging battlefield talaga itong South China Sea or West Philippine Sea.
14:41.0
Dahil sa dami nang kiklaim. Kasi ang China at saka Vietnam, sila po talaga yung nagkocross the line eh.
14:48.0
Yung may pinakabalawak na kiniklaim nila na sakop ng kanilang EEZ.
14:53.0
...regarding the reef, which to this day has not been made public.
14:56.0
Despite the secretive nature of the agreement, the conflict seems to have been solved to the satisfaction of both parties.
15:03.0
Next, we'll move northeast to the Philippines.
15:06.0
Yan na. Ito na yung sa atin. Mahalaga na maintindihan po natin.
15:09.0
The Philippines claims the Scarborough Shoal, as well as a northeastern group of the Spratly Islands known as the Kalayan Island Group.
15:15.0
The basis for their claim on Kalayan is...
15:16.0
The basis for their claim on Kalayan is...
15:18.0
...is based on an assumption that after Japan renounced their claim to the island in the 1951 Treaty of Peace,
15:24.0
they reverted to a legal state known as terra nullius, which means land that is legally unoccupied or uninhabited.
15:31.0
They go further in their assertion that Filipino explorer Tomas Cloma declared ownership over 33 features in the Spratly Islands in 1956,
15:39.0
and therefore no other country has a legitimate claim to them.
15:43.0
As for the Scarborough Shoal, they claim it passed to them via...
15:46.0
As for the Scarborough Shoal, they claim it passed to them via...
15:47.0
...the U.S. colonial territorial claims and that they inherited the Scarborough Shoal after gaining full independence from the U.S.
15:53.0
Finally, we'll move west to Vietnam.
15:56.0
Vietnam claims sovereignty over all or most of both the Paracel and Spratly Islands.
16:01.0
Karabi yung Vietnam. Lawak ng kiniklaim nila.
16:04.0
These claims are based on Vietnam's occupation of the islands since the 17th century, as well as documents from the era that prove as much.
16:11.0
The earliest of these documents dates from 1686, titled...
16:15.0
...Route Maps from the Capital to the Four Directions.
16:18.0
The other document Vietnam points to comes from an 1838 map called...
16:22.0
...The Complete Map of the Unified Dainam, which illustrates both island chains with lines that indicate ownership by Vietnam.
16:29.0
During French colonization, these island groups were administered as part of Vietnam,
16:34.0
and control of the islands was transferred upon France vacating the country.
16:38.0
Vietnam also claims that the 50 nations attending the San Francisco Conference all recognized without objection...
16:44.0
...their sovereignty over the Paracel and Spratly Islands.
16:47.0
Vietnam asserts that, at some point between the 70s and the modern day,
16:51.0
China used force to expel Vietnam and occupied the islands themselves.
16:56.0
However, the lack of specifics regarding this particular claim raised questions as to its authenticity.
17:02.0
Now that we know the players, their claims, and their evidence,
17:06.0
let's look at the recent developments including the pivot the U.S. has made in their Asia strategy.
17:11.0
Most of the recent news you're likely to have seen regarding...
17:13.0
...the South China Sea has involved warships and fighter jets from China and the U.S. interacting with each other...
17:19.0
Ito na, ito na mga sangkay, dito na po tayo papasok sa...
17:22.0
...conflict na possible magkaroon po ng digmaan sa mismong lugar ng West Philippine Sea or South China Sea.
17:30.0
But those aren't the only tense encounters in the South China Sea.
17:34.0
Recently, it's mostly been the interactions between Filipino citizens and the Chinese military...
17:38.0
...which have generated the most headlines, aside from those involving the U.S.
17:43.0
These encounters, while tense, haven't resulted in any violent responses from either side.
17:48.0
Aside from the conference regarding the continental shelf, not much in the way of formal diplomacy has taken place recently.
17:55.0
And the issue has seemed to recede into the background as other, more dire problems have come to the fore.
18:01.0
This hasn't stopped the U.S. from pivoting its Asia strategy to combat what it sees as Chinese aggression in the region.
18:08.0
It does this without any acknowledgement of the legitimacy of China's territorial claims.
18:12.0
Instead, resorting to warmongering at home, laundered through the dutiful U.S. media.
18:17.0
Countless headlines over the past few decades claim that China's on a war footing.
18:22.0
And that various invasions are imminent.
18:24.0
And that the U.S. must, for nebulous reasons, intervene to protect the region from the menace of the evil CCP.
18:31.0
Note the unwillingness to use the universally recognized correct name, the CPC.
18:36.0
This is very plainly an attempt to get Americans to make a negative association...
18:41.0
between China and the U.S.'s last geopolitical rival.
18:44.0
This pivot and strategy began during the Obama regime and is, unsurprisingly, centered around military objectives.
18:52.0
Obama increased troop numbers in Australia, added naval response capabilities in Singapore, and worked to increase U.S. presence in the Philippines.
19:01.0
Despite China being cast as the aggressive bad guy, it should be noted that U.S. military activity and stationing of tens of thousands of troops in the region...
19:11.0
is not for the maintenance or protection of claims to territories in the SCS or surrounding regions, but to buoy U.S. allies in the region.
19:19.0
Obama claimed that there were other considerations.
19:22.0
The so-called pivot was meant to address democracy in the region.
19:26.0
The security of resources for allies to benefit the U.S.
19:29.0
And to balance the influence of China.
19:32.0
Though how the U.S. being involved achieves this balance isn't explained.
19:36.0
Overall, the pivot looks like nothing more than an elaborate intimidation campaign...
19:40.0
aimed at China on behalf of U.S. allies, whether they asked for it or not.
19:46.0
We get it here, guys.
19:49.0
This is wider information that I hope we will follow.
19:53.0
It's like the U.S. is using their influence...
19:58.0
so that China can't dominate our world.
20:06.0
America is putting its allies...
20:11.0
Like in Singapore, Australia, here in the Philippines.
20:15.0
Japan, South Korea.
20:17.0
All of these allies...
20:19.0
were built up by the U.S.
20:25.0
But the allies are falling.
20:27.0
That's the other side of the story.
20:29.0
But China, if we look at it...
20:33.0
they are really very aggressive in the West Philippine Sea.
20:36.0
Given all the tensions, territorial tensions,
20:37.0
Given all the tensions, territorial tensions,
20:39.0
and the mere involvement of the United States,
20:42.0
it would appear that the region is destined for war.
20:45.0
It would appear that the region is destined for war.
20:46.0
With its future very much depending on the relationship...
20:49.0
between the U.S. and China given their size, military power, and nuclear capabilities.
20:54.0
between the U.S. and China given their size, military power, and nuclear capabilities.
20:56.0
So the future of the West Philippine Sea will depend on America and China.
21:01.0
It's not that it will depend on the Philippines, Taiwan, Brunei,
21:05.0
It's not that it will depend on the Philippines, Taiwan, Brunei,
21:07.0
It's not that it will depend on the Philippines, Taiwan, Brunei,
21:09.0
Malaysia, or Vietnam.
21:12.0
It will depend on the two huge countries that are fighting each other.
21:16.0
The U.S. against China.
21:21.0
Do you get the point now, Sangkay?
21:24.0
The U.S. against China.
21:26.0
China against the U.S.
21:28.0
China against the U.S.
21:29.0
Geopolitical foreign policy interests overlapping with economic incentives
21:32.0
have resulted in a tense situation that only good diplomacy can solve.
21:35.0
have resulted in a tense situation that only good diplomacy can solve.
21:36.0
have resulted in a tense situation that only good diplomacy can solve.
21:37.0
Which the United States has never been particularly fond of.
21:40.0
The interests of capital cannot be allowed to supersede the cause of peace
21:45.0
or the health of this critical biome.
21:47.0
In the meantime, all normal people can do is get organized.
21:51.0
We need to be ready for whatever the future brings.
21:54.0
We need to be ready, Sangkay.
21:56.0
And building dual power structures now is one step towards creating a better world.
22:03.0
Okay, we learned a lot here.
22:05.0
I hope that you got it, Sangkay.
22:07.0
I'll just ask you this.
22:08.0
What did you learn from this video?
22:10.0
What did you learn from the great revelation, Sangkay?
22:16.0
Comment your opinions below.
22:18.0
I have a YouTube channel, Sangkay Revelation.
22:20.0
Look for it on YouTube.
22:22.0
Then click the subscribe, click the bell, and click call.
22:25.0
Okay, I'll say goodbye now.
22:26.0
Take care, everyone.
22:27.0
God bless everyone.
