00:38.1
Today, we'll break down the facts, the myth, and the controversies surrounding the enigmatic Taliano Gold.
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You know, we'll be comparing hoax and history about the kingdom of Maharlika.
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Mabuhay or in Kapampangan, Luwid kayo!
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Welcome to my channel. It's me, Kibir Aralio, your friendly Pinoy historian.
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And if you are new to my channel, I make videos about our people's history, culture, and everything in between.
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So if you like learning about the Philippines, Southeast Asia, and beyond,
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don't forget to subscribe to my channel and hit the bell icon so you don't miss out on any of my upcoming videos.
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Now without further ado, let's set sail to the heart of today's epic saga.
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Let's unveil the truth about the kingdom of Maharlika and the enigmatic Taliano Gold.
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Long before the arrival of the Spaniards,
01:28.8
the diverse indigenous societies of our ancestors in what we now call the Philippines
01:33.1
were indeed very rich in gold.
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A fact supported by numerous golden artifacts housed in various museums and private collections today,
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both in the Philippines and abroad.
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Now for decades, the supposed Taliano Gold has been controversial and divisive.
01:47.8
And thus, unraveling the truth requires us to engage in thorough research,
01:52.4
meticulous analysis, comprehensive investigation, and solid evidence.
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You know, it's not enough to simply rely on tickets.
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or the fleeting snippets of information online.
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So after this video, make sure to check out my list of credible resources
02:05.3
and recommended readings below to deepen your understanding about today's topic.
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Because honestly, in this day and age, it is very important for us,
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it is crucial for us to know the truth and not forget about our own histories,
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regardless of our religion or political affiliations.
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Now according to the various versions of these stories about the Taliano Gold,
02:24.7
long before the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines,
02:26.7
they claimed that our archipelago was,
02:28.8
part of a vast, wealthy, and mighty kingdom called Maharlika.
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And this vast kingdom supposedly included not just the Philippines,
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but also territories like Saba, the islands of Hawaii, Guam, the Spratlys, and many others.
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With supposed tributaries that included Da Nang in Vietnam, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Kuril Islands.
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You know, stretching from Southeast Asia across the Pacific.
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And according to these stories, this vast kingdom was ruled by a single royal family,
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none other than the Tagiantalianos.
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They also claimed that the Tagiantalianos were the only people in the world who had the power to rule the world.
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They also claimed that Raja Sulaiman of Maynila and Datu Lapu-Lapu of Mactan
03:02.5
were supposedly the children of King Luisong Tagiantaliano,
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who reigned over the kingdom of Maharlika from the 9th to the 15th centuries.
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A great king ruling the kingdom for 600 years.
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Now despite the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, according to their stories,
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the Tagiantaliano family allegedly continued to wield influence.
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That they were even among the signatories to the 1898 Treaty of Paris,
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when the Philippines officially became a colony of the United States.
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And then according to their stories, in the 1930s,
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Pope Pius XII allegedly borrowed 640,000 metric tons of gold from the Tagiantaliano family.
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They claimed that this gold was loaned to the Vatican through the efforts and mediation
03:42.9
of the Catholic priest Father Jose Antonio Diaz and the skilled young lawyer Ferdinand Edrelin Marcos.
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Now according to the same story, after World War II,
03:51.9
they claimed that the Vatican returned this Tagiantaliano gold to the Tagiantaliano family.
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And for his crucial role in these transactions,
03:58.7
Ferdinand Marcos Sr. was allegedly paid with gold worth 192,000 metric tons,
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or about 30% of the total Tagiantaliano gold.
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And this allegedly made Marcos the richest man in the world.
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Now many actually use this 30% of the Tagiantaliano gold to explain the wealth of the Marcos family.
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They believe that this is the same gold that the Marcoses deposited in the Swiss banks,
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while the remaining 70% of the enigmatic Tagiantaliano gold was supposedly deposited
04:26.0
by the Tagiantaliano family in the Central Bank of the Philippines.
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But is this story even true?
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Is it truly a hidden chapter of history or is it simply an elaborate hoax?
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Okay, first and foremost, there has never been a kingdom called Maharlika in any written history
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nor in any indigenous oral traditions we inherited from our ancestors.
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The territories of the Philippines, Hawaii, Saba, Guam, and the Spratlys were never under a single royal family.
04:54.5
In fact, the Philippine Archipelago itself was never a single royal family.
04:56.5
In fact, the Philippine Archipelago itself was never a single royal family.
04:57.5
In fact, the Philippine Archipelago itself was never a single royal family.
04:58.5
The Philippine Archipelago itself was never a single kingdom nor a single territory before the Spaniards arrived.
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Instead, it was composed of various kingdoms, sultanates, and indigenous societies,
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with their own distinct cultures, religions, languages, and social systems.
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An example of these included the powerful Sultanate of Sulu, the Kingdom of Luzon, the Sultanate of Maguindanao,
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the kingdoms of Butuan, Cebu, Cabulohan, and the mountainous regions ruled by the indigenous Ifugao, Aita, Lumad, and many more.
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So yes, there were numerous ancient societies,
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But wait, does this mean that the word Maharlika is entirely made up?
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No, not exactly. And here's why.
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Okay, the term Maharlika is very real. It's not fake, it's not made up.
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But in the languages of our ancestors, the term Maharlika was never meant to denote a place or imply royalty or nobility.
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Instead, the real meaning and the true significance of Maharlika refers to a social class,
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specifically people who were once enslaved but were granted freedom.
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But unlike the Timawa who enjoyed complete freedom, the Maharlika still had obligations or duties to serve for their datu.
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In other words, contrary to what many may have come to believe,
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the true meaning of Maharlika does not denote a higher status.
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In fact, during the time of our ancestors, the Maharlikas can be considered a lower class compared to the Timawa
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because the Timawa were entirely free, while the Maharlika were former slaves who had been granted freedom but with strings attached.
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And thus, it is also incorrect to refer to the datu Raja Lakanen Sultan as part of the Maharlika
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because they were never part of the Maharlika.
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They were part of the esteemed Maginu class in Tagalog.
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So, where did Maharlika actually come from?
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The term Maharlika in Tagalog or Mardika in Kapampangan originated from the ancient Sanskrit word Mahardika.
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And you know, this term found its way into the many languages of Southeast Asia,
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where it took on meanings related to freedom and liberation.
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And this included Mardika in Kapampangan, Mahardika in Bahasa Sug, Maradeka in Buginese, Mahardika in Javanese,
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Maradika for the Mahardika.
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In fact, it also included the Dutch term Marditsker.
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And all of this reflecting variations of freedom.
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Indeed, in Bahasa Melayu and Bahasa Indonesia, Mardeka translates to freedom,
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underscoring the common theme across our diverse but interwoven cultures.
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Therefore, the word Maharlika fundamentally represents the transition from slavery to freedom,
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highlighting the complexities of social hierarchy among our ancestors,
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rather than implying any inherent royal blood,
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or a noble status.
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the term Maharlika in Tagalog never meant royalty or nobility,
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and it was never the name of a kingdom.
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Okay, so if the kingdom of Maharlika is not real,
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then who exactly is the great King Luisong Tagayantalyano?
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The supposed King Luisong Tagayantalyano,
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you know, allegedly, the ancestor of both Lapu-Lapu and Raja Sulaiman,
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cannot be found in any historical records,
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nor in any legitimate oral traditions.
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He was not the father of Lapu-Lapu,
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and Raja Sulaiman.
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In fact, Lapu-Lapu and Raja Sulaiman were not even related.
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Okay, so if we look into the genealogies of my own ancestors,
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like Raja Sulaiman of Manila for instance,
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his father was the brother of both La Candula of Tondo and Raja Matanda,
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who was recorded as the King of Luzon when the Spaniards returned in the 1560s.
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They were the sons of Raja Salalila of Luzon and Dayang Ismeria of Brunei and Sulu.
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So on their father's side,
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they were the grandchildren of one of the most legendary queens of South Africa,
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Calangitan of Luzon,
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and her husband, Raja Lontok.
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Now on their mother's side,
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they were also the grandchildren of one of the most powerful kings in the history of Southeast Asia,
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Sultan Bolkiya of Brunei,
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and his beloved wife, Putri Leyla Menchanay of Sulu,
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who was also said to be the favorite granddaughter of Sultan Shariful Hashim,
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the founder of the Sultanate of Sulu.
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While on the other hand,
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Datu Lapu-Lapu of Mactan in the Visayas
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was actually already very old
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when they defeated Magellan in the Battle of Mactan in 1521.
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And thus, you know, if you look at it,
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the true contemporary of Lapu-Lapu in 1521
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was not Raja Sulaiman of Maynila,
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who was born decades later,
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but his great-grandfather,
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Sultan Bolkiya of Brunei.
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And this is not a mystery.
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In fact, this can also be seen in the writings of Pigafetta
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during the historic Magellan expedition.
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And actually, apart from both Lapu-Lapu and Sultan Bolkiya,
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the writings of Pigafetta,
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also documented Raja Matanda as the young prince of Luzon
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that the Spaniards encountered and abducted in 1521.
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Now unknown to many, including many Filipinos today,
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the genealogies of the royal families of Sulu, Brunei, and even Luzon
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are meticulously documented.
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In fact, throughout the colonial period,
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the Spaniards also recorded the direct descendants of these
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ancient Lakans, Rajas, and Sultans.
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And you know, in these extensively documented genealogies
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of pre-colonial royal families in the Philippines,
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and across Southeast Asia,
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there has never been a recorded king
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named Luisong Tagayantalyano.
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In short, the Tagayantalyano family
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never owned the Philippines,
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let alone Saba or any other islands
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from the Spratlys to the Pacific Ocean.
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Okay, so if you're telling me that
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the Tagayantalyano family were not really
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the royal family of the Philippines,
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then why exactly were they included
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in the 1898 Treaty of Paris?
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What were they doing in Paris?
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Okay, so another common claim is that
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the Tagayantalyano family were among the signatories
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of the historic Treaty of Paris in 1898
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where Spain sold the Philippines to the United States
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for 20 million dollars.
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Now, it's true that the Treaty of Paris took place in 1898
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and that the United States bought the Philippines
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for 20 million dollars.
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But not a single Filipino signed this document.
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In fact, not a single Filipino was even allowed
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to participate in these negotiations.
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Not even Felipe Agoncillo,
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who was sent to Paris to represent
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the first Philippine Republic.
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In fact, Agoncillo himself was ignored
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by both the Americans and the Spaniards.
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In short, no Tagayantalyano
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nor any Filipino was involved
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in the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898.
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Furthermore, the 20 million dollars
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the United States used to buy the Philippines
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from the Spaniards was sourced
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from the American taxpayers
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and not a single dime from the Tagayantalyano family.
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Didn't the Vatican borrowed gold from the Tagayantalyano family?
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And you know, wasn't Ferdinand Marquez Sr.
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their lawyer back then?
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According to their story,
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Pope Pius XII supposedly negotiated to borrow gold
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from the Tagayantalyano family in 1934.
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And this gold was said to be transported
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from Cota Kinabalu in Saba to Europe in 1939.
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However, there's no historical evidence
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to prove that the Vatican actually borrowed gold
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from the Tagayantalyano family.
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And if this were true,
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there would have been records or reports about it long ago.
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In fact, the Philippines and the Vatican
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had no diplomatic relations in the 1930s.
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It was not until June 4, 1951
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that the Philippines established an embassy
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in the Vatican City.
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And you know, claims about Father Jose Antonio Diaz
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acting as a mediator in this transaction
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is also unfounded.
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In fact, the pictures or images often attributed
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as Father Jose Antonio Diaz
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is actually a picture of Father Gregorio Aglipay,
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the revolutionary priest who founded
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the Iglesia Filipina Independiente.
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And you know, if this loan was true,
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if Father Jose Antonio Diaz indeed helped the Vatican
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borrow gold from the Tagayantalyano family,
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then why isn't there a single record
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in the history of the Philippines?
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You know, why isn't there a single record
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in the extensive Vatican archives?
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Now, if you think about it,
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if Ferdinand Marcos Sr. really received tons of gold
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from this Tagayantalyano loan,
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then he would have been known as the world's wealthiest man
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However, records from that era point to Jean Paul Getty,
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an American, as the world's richest man,
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And if Marcos truly had 192,000 metric tons
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of Tagayantalyano gold deposited in Switzerland,
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then why is it that Switzerland only have
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a recorded gold reserve of only 1,040 metric tons?
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Taking into account the history and the science
13:39.9
the figure of 640,000 metric tons of gold
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surpasses the bounds of reality.
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To this day, only about 187,000 metric tons of gold
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have been extracted worldwide.
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And you know, the remaining gold reserves
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or gold underground that has not yet been mined
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is only about 57,000 metric tons.
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It is therefore astonishing that the gold supposedly owned
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by the Tagayantalyano family is way more than three times
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the total amount of gold in the entire planet.
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And here's another thing.
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They claim that when this gold was returned to the world,
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to the Philippines,
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it was deposited in the new Central Bank
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or Banco Central ng Pilipinas.
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And supposedly, there was an agreement
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between the Central Bank and the Tagayantalyanos
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to convert them into the national gold reserves.
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Yet, there is absolutely no evidence
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of such a transaction.
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Transferring this massive quantity of gold
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would require stringent security,
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diplomatic protocols, and financial measures.
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The absence of any trace, any documentation,
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or even a whisper in the media raises questions.
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So if this were true,
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then why isn't there any mention in the newspapers or on the radio?
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Why isn't there any single trace,
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not a single piece of legitimate document proving this?
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But okay, let's say that, you know, this was done secretly.
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If the Banco Central ng Pilipinas
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actually received this amount of gold from the Tagayantalyano family,
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then the Republic of the Philippines would have been one
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of the world's wealthiest nations.
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And if this were true,
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then the Philippines would not struggle with debt
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or need international loans.
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The Philippines should not be drowning in massive debt today.
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And you know, if they really had that much gold,
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then why haven't they used this gold
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to pay off the debt of the Philippines since the 70s?
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Because the sad reality is that
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the Philippines has been drowning in debt for decades
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to this very day.
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Sadly, as of June 2023,
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it was recorded that
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the outstanding national debt of the Philippines
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had reached 14.62 trillion pesos
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164.49 billion dollars.
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It was also recorded that in 1984 alone,
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during the height of the administration of former President
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Ferdinand Marcos Sr.,
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he borrowed 24 billion dollars
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in the name of the Republic of the Philippines,
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a debt equivalent to around 73 billion dollars in 2024
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that the people of the Philippines are still paying to this day.
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Now, according to various research and comprehensive investigations
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you know, in the Philippines and around the world,
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from the 1960s to the 1980s,
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the Marcos family have amassed somewhere between approximately
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10 billion to 30 billion dollars
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squandered from the National Treasury of the Republic of the Philippines
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aka from the Filipino people.
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And this estimate of 10 to 30 billion dollars in the 1980s
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is actually equivalent to 39.8 and 119.6 billion dollars in 2024
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or about 2.23 trillion dollars.
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why would the Marcoses need to steal
16:42.9
if they had received gold from the Taliano family?
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As mentioned earlier,
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many believe that the wealth of the Marcoses came
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from the fabled Taliano gold.
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Yet, a closer look reveals a different story.
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By carefully analyzing the evidence,
16:56.9
it is undeniable that the wealth of the Marcoses
16:59.9
was extracted at the expense of the Filipino people
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and not from any lost ancient treasure.
17:06.9
the Marcoses' wealth
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was not from any lost ancient treasure.
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And you know, most of these stolen assets
17:12.9
were deposited by the Marcoses in Switzerland
17:14.9
using aliases like William Saunders and Jane Ryan
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to hide their true identities.
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And that is why in the year 1990,
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the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland ruled that
17:25.9
the Marcoses must return their stolen wealth
17:28.9
to the government of the Philippines.
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Okay, so how exactly did this story even spread?
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And why is it that so many people
17:36.9
in the Taliano gold?
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It's actually hard to pinpoint exactly where
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you know, this tale started.
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But if we examine the origin of this story
17:45.9
and you know how it spread over the years,
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it is undeniable that it has been used
17:49.9
to cover up corruption
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and to deceive voters.
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during the recent elections,
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it is sad that many people were actually made to believe
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that they would receive Taliano gold bars
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in exchange for their votes.
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despite the Marcos family's denial
18:05.9
of their involvement in the Taliano gold,
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it is undeniable that the spread of this misinformation
18:10.9
originated from at least their supporters.
18:13.9
But you know, to be honest,
18:14.9
we can't really blame the people
18:16.9
who were swayed to believe
18:17.9
in this enigmatic Taliano gold.
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Because the real problem is rooted
18:21.9
in the long-standing crisis of education
18:24.9
and this general lack of knowledge
18:26.9
about the history of our own people.
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There has been a crisis in education in the Philippines
18:31.9
for a very long time.
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And this is not the fault of the everyday person.
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the corrupt and the greedy
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exploit this lack of historical knowledge
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for their own personal gain.
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the spreading of such misinformation
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and disinformation,
18:47.9
you know, this twisting of historical truth
18:49.9
to fit their own agenda,
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not only obscures the vibrant
18:52.9
and deep history of our islands,
18:54.9
but also deepens the obscurity shrouding
18:57.9
the true legacy of our ancestors.
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Our people's history was once dimmed
19:01.9
by centuries of colonialism.
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Now, it fades further into oblivion,
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obscured by the weaving of false narratives
19:09.9
like the enigmatic Taliano gold.
19:12.9
So if the kingdom of Maharlika
19:14.9
is entirely fabricated,
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if it's fake news and entirely a hoax,
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then what is the truth about the pre-colonial
19:20.9
and ancient history of the Philippines?
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I mean, didn't they find so many golds,
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so much golden artifacts across the islands?
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Are you telling me that these golden artifacts are fake?
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the pre-colonial islands we now call the Philippines
19:36.9
was indeed naturally very rich in gold,
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but it was not owned by a single clan alone.
19:42.9
In fact, gold was widespread
19:44.9
across the different social classes,
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from the slaves to the nobility.
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Even the remains of many of our ancestors
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were actually adorned with gold.
19:53.9
Unknown to many, including Filipinos today,
19:55.9
our islands and our ancestors excelled in goldsmithing,
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a meticulous craft that connected our people
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with the broader gold-working traditions of Southeast Asia.
20:06.9
But although these ancient societies
20:08.9
had extensive ties across Southeast Asia and the Pacific,
20:11.9
not a single family ever controlled all of these lands.
20:15.9
While it is also true that parts of our history
20:18.9
remain unrecorded or forgotten,
20:20.9
the tales of the Taliano gold
20:22.9
and the so-called Maharlika Kingdom do not hold up.
20:25.9
These tales are notably absent from both historical records
20:29.9
and the indigenous oral traditions
20:31.9
across Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
20:34.9
In fact, these fabricated tales and conspiracy theories
20:38.9
only emerged fairly recently.
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Now, it is also worth noting that
20:42.9
the Philippines is actually blessed
20:44.9
with numerous scholars dedicated
20:46.9
to researching and uplifting our people's history,
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shining a light on narratives
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long overshadowed and eclipsed
20:53.9
by colonial perspectives and miseducation.
20:56.9
You know, to be honest,
20:57.9
there's still a lot of work needed to be done
21:00.9
the stories of our ancestors.
21:02.9
There's still a lot of forgotten chapters
21:04.9
in our people's history
21:05.9
that are still buried
21:06.9
underneath centuries of colonialism and miseducation.
21:10.9
But we must not invent stories
21:13.9
nor deceive people,
21:14.9
especially if it is intended to cover up corruption
21:17.9
and to spread lies.
21:19.9
Let us not distort history
21:21.9
and deny the truth.
21:22.9
We owe it to ourselves
21:23.9
to draw lessons from those who came before us.
21:26.9
And as I've mentioned, you know, many times before,
21:29.9
knowing about our roots does not simply mean
21:32.9
a blind, nostalgic longing
21:34.9
for the glitz and the glamour of the past
21:36.9
while ignoring the conditions of the present.
21:39.9
Embracing our history means
21:41.9
being awakened and immersed
21:43.9
with the realities of today,
21:45.9
armed and empowered with the wisdom of our ancestors.
21:49.9
This is the essence and the true purpose of history,
21:52.9
a beacon guiding us to a brighter future
21:55.9
and empowering us with the knowledge
21:57.9
to forge a better tomorrow
21:59.9
for our motherland and our people.
22:02.9
And that is it for me today.
22:03.9
So let me know what you think about today's topic
22:05.9
in the comments below.
22:06.9
And let me know in the comments below
22:07.9
if you have any suggestions
22:08.9
for future videos in this channel.
22:10.9
And if you want to support me and my channel
22:13.9
you know, so more people can learn more
22:14.9
about our people's history, culture,
22:16.9
and everything in between,
22:17.9
please consider joining our growing community
22:19.9
by becoming my patron on Patreon
22:21.9
or a member of my YouTube channel.
22:23.9
And don't forget to check out my books,
22:25.9
coloring books, ebooks, and merch
22:27.9
about the fascinating history
22:28.9
and the colorful traditions and cultures
22:30.9
of the Philippines,
22:32.9
and the diaspora.
22:33.9
Maraming maraming salamat po
22:35.9
or in Kapampangan,
22:36.9
dakal pong salamat kay Hongan,
22:39.9
shukran na banal,
22:40.9
and in Baja Sasug,
22:41.9
magsukul tuwad kay mo.
22:42.9
See you next time
22:43.9
or in Tagalog kita kitsin
22:46.9
and in Baja Sasug,
