An underwater drone is using AI to help survey the Great Barrier Reef as a widespread mass coral bleaching event unfolds across world's most extensive reef ecosystem.
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00:00.5
This underwater drone called Hydrus is using artificial intelligence to study coral reefs.
00:09.2
Australia's Great Barrier Reef has been hit by a major coral bleaching event, usually triggered by warmer ocean waters.
00:18.4
With the help of Hydrus, marine scientists aim to conduct more accurate and regular surveys
00:24.7
to better understand the impacts of climate change on the world's most extensive reef ecosystem.
00:32.5
Melanie Olson leads the ReefWorks program at the Australian Institute of Marine Science.
00:38.3
Traditionally, we've done this with dive teams. However, dive teams can only see so much and go so far.
00:44.4
And that's where we've had to augment our survey methods to include the use of robotics,
00:48.9
just to enable us to scale, to go deeper, to operate in areas where predators like crocodiles
00:54.5
and dolphins can be found.
00:54.7
And bull sharks and jellyfish now routinely reside.
00:58.0
Operating fully autonomously, Hydrus have a range of roughly 5.5 miles for up to three hours.
01:06.6
It can go as deep as 10,000 feet underwater and capture video with a 4K camera.
01:14.3
The drone, developed by Advanced Navigation, also has an acoustic modem, forward-facing sonar and AI-powered navigation.
01:22.8
The company's subsea program is also being developed by Hydrus.
01:24.5
The product manager, Peter Baker, says their technology is being used to build 3D maps of the reef.
01:32.1
We're working on coral mapping with the Australian Institute of Marine Science.
01:35.6
And what they're trying to do is map areas of coral to detect change within those areas,
01:41.7
which they can then use to extrapolate and model the entire reef.
01:45.5
One of the benefits of having a robotic system is that it goes back to that same location every single time
01:51.0
and it takes the same photo from the same orientation every single time.
01:54.5
Which is really, really difficult to achieve with a human diver.
01:57.9
So if you want to have a lot of scientific robustness to the data that you're collecting time and time again,
02:04.1
a solution like Hydrus adds that.
02:06.4
Using AI image processing, Hydrus can classify and analyze the images on board.
02:13.2
Because the system is fully autonomous, it means the decision-making has to happen on board the vehicle.
02:18.7
And to do that, you need AI.
02:19.9
So we have AI sensors on board that are taking things like the camera feed in,
02:24.5
and then they're able to make smart decisions.
02:26.8
Stretching more than 1,400 miles along Australia's northeastern coast,
02:32.4
the Great Barrier Reef has seen six localized bleaching events since 1998.
02:39.7
Bleaching is triggered by warmer ocean waters,
02:42.8
which cause corals to expel the colorful algae living in their tissues and turn white.
02:49.5
A bleached coral can recover if waters cool.
02:53.8
But if oceans are cold,
02:54.5
if ocean temperatures remain high for longer periods,
02:59.2
Experts have tied the mass bleaching events to climate change.
03:03.8
We're in the midst of another mass coral bleaching event right now,
03:08.7
which means the Great Barrier Reef is a threat from climate change.
03:12.7
And that's why Ames is investing heavily in trying to expand our monitoring systems
03:17.6
to be able to collect the data that decision-makers need to be informed.
03:24.5
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
